// Copyright 2013 The Go Authors. All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style // license that can be found in the LICENSE file. package sql_test import ( "context" "database/sql" "fmt" "log" "strings" "time" ) var ( ctx context.Context db *sql.DB ) func ExampleDB_QueryContext() { age := 27 rows, err := db.QueryContext(ctx, "SELECT name FROM users WHERE age=?", age) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } defer rows.Close() names := make([]string, 0) for rows.Next() { var name string if err := rows.Scan(&name); err != nil { // Check for a scan error. // Query rows will be closed with defer. log.Fatal(err) } names = append(names, name) } // If the database is being written to ensure to check for Close // errors that may be returned from the driver. The query may // encounter an auto-commit error and be forced to rollback changes. rerr := rows.Close() if rerr != nil { log.Fatal(err) } // Rows.Err will report the last error encountered by Rows.Scan. if err := rows.Err(); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } fmt.Printf("%s are %d years old", strings.Join(names, ", "), age) } func ExampleDB_QueryRowContext() { id := 123 var username string var created time.Time err := db.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SELECT username, created_at FROM users WHERE id=?", id).Scan(&username, &created) switch { case err == sql.ErrNoRows: log.Printf("no user with id %d\n", id) case err != nil: log.Fatalf("query error: %v\n", err) default: log.Printf("username is %q, account created on %s\n", username, created) } } func ExampleDB_ExecContext() { id := 47 result, err := db.ExecContext(ctx, "UPDATE balances SET balance = balance + 10 WHERE user_id = ?", id) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } rows, err := result.RowsAffected() if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } if rows != 1 { log.Fatalf("expected to affect 1 row, affected %d", rows) } } func ExampleDB_Query_multipleResultSets() { age := 27 q := ` create temp table uid (id bigint); -- Create temp table for queries. insert into uid select id from users where age < ?; -- Populate temp table. -- First result set. select users.id, name from users join uid on users.id = uid.id ; -- Second result set. select ur.user, ur.role from user_roles as ur join uid on uid.id = ur.user ; ` rows, err := db.Query(q, age) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } defer rows.Close() for rows.Next() { var ( id int64 name string ) if err := rows.Scan(&id, &name); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } log.Printf("id %d name is %s\n", id, name) } if !rows.NextResultSet() { log.Fatalf("expected more result sets: %v", rows.Err()) } var roleMap = map[int64]string{ 1: "user", 2: "admin", 3: "gopher", } for rows.Next() { var ( id int64 role int64 ) if err := rows.Scan(&id, &role); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } log.Printf("id %d has role %s\n", id, roleMap[role]) } if err := rows.Err(); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } func ExampleDB_PingContext() { // Ping and PingContext may be used to determine if communication with // the database server is still possible. // // When used in a command line application Ping may be used to establish // that further queries are possible; that the provided DSN is valid. // // When used in long running service Ping may be part of the health // checking system. ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 1*time.Second) defer cancel() status := "up" if err := db.PingContext(ctx); err != nil { status = "down" } log.Println(status) } func ExampleConn_BeginTx() { tx, err := db.BeginTx(ctx, &sql.TxOptions{Isolation: sql.LevelSerializable}) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } id := 37 _, execErr := tx.Exec(`UPDATE users SET status = ? WHERE id = ?`, "paid", id) if execErr != nil { _ = tx.Rollback() log.Fatal(execErr) } if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } func ExampleConn_ExecContext() { // A *DB is a pool of connections. Call Conn to reserve a connection for // exclusive use. conn, err := db.Conn(ctx) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } defer conn.Close() // Return the connection to the pool. id := 41 result, err := conn.ExecContext(ctx, `UPDATE balances SET balance = balance + 10 WHERE user_id = ?;`, id) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } rows, err := result.RowsAffected() if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } if rows != 1 { log.Fatalf("expected single row affected, got %d rows affected", rows) } } func ExampleTx_ExecContext() { tx, err := db.BeginTx(ctx, &sql.TxOptions{Isolation: sql.LevelSerializable}) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } id := 37 _, execErr := tx.ExecContext(ctx, "UPDATE users SET status = ? WHERE id = ?", "paid", id) if execErr != nil { if rollbackErr := tx.Rollback(); rollbackErr != nil { log.Fatalf("update failed: %v, unable to rollback: %v\n", execErr, rollbackErr) } log.Fatalf("update failed: %v", execErr) } if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } func ExampleTx_Rollback() { tx, err := db.BeginTx(ctx, &sql.TxOptions{Isolation: sql.LevelSerializable}) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } id := 53 _, err = tx.ExecContext(ctx, "UPDATE drivers SET status = ? WHERE id = ?;", "assigned", id) if err != nil { if rollbackErr := tx.Rollback(); rollbackErr != nil { log.Fatalf("update drivers: unable to rollback: %v", rollbackErr) } log.Fatal(err) } _, err = tx.ExecContext(ctx, "UPDATE pickups SET driver_id = $1;", id) if err != nil { if rollbackErr := tx.Rollback(); rollbackErr != nil { log.Fatalf("update failed: %v, unable to back: %v", err, rollbackErr) } log.Fatal(err) } if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } func ExampleStmt() { // In normal use, create one Stmt when your process starts. stmt, err := db.PrepareContext(ctx, "SELECT username FROM users WHERE id = ?") if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } defer stmt.Close() // Then reuse it each time you need to issue the query. id := 43 var username string err = stmt.QueryRowContext(ctx, id).Scan(&username) switch { case err == sql.ErrNoRows: log.Fatalf("no user with id %d", id) case err != nil: log.Fatal(err) default: log.Printf("username is %s\n", username) } } func ExampleStmt_QueryRowContext() { // In normal use, create one Stmt when your process starts. stmt, err := db.PrepareContext(ctx, "SELECT username FROM users WHERE id = ?") if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } defer stmt.Close() // Then reuse it each time you need to issue the query. id := 43 var username string err = stmt.QueryRowContext(ctx, id).Scan(&username) switch { case err == sql.ErrNoRows: log.Fatalf("no user with id %d", id) case err != nil: log.Fatal(err) default: log.Printf("username is %s\n", username) } } func ExampleRows() { age := 27 rows, err := db.QueryContext(ctx, "SELECT name FROM users WHERE age=?", age) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } defer rows.Close() names := make([]string, 0) for rows.Next() { var name string if err := rows.Scan(&name); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } names = append(names, name) } // Check for errors from iterating over rows. if err := rows.Err(); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } log.Printf("%s are %d years old", strings.Join(names, ", "), age) }