// Copyright 2013 The Go Authors. All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style // license that can be found in the LICENSE file. package runtime_test import ( "fmt" "math/rand" "strconv" "strings" "testing" ) const size = 10 func BenchmarkHashStringSpeed(b *testing.B) { strings := make([]string, size) for i := 0; i < size; i++ { strings[i] = fmt.Sprintf("string#%d", i) } sum := 0 m := make(map[string]int, size) for i := 0; i < size; i++ { m[strings[i]] = 0 } idx := 0 b.ResetTimer() for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { sum += m[strings[idx]] idx++ if idx == size { idx = 0 } } } type chunk [17]byte func BenchmarkHashBytesSpeed(b *testing.B) { // a bunch of chunks, each with a different alignment mod 16 var chunks [size]chunk // initialize each to a different value for i := 0; i < size; i++ { chunks[i][0] = byte(i) } // put into a map m := make(map[chunk]int, size) for i, c := range chunks { m[c] = i } idx := 0 b.ResetTimer() for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { if m[chunks[idx]] != idx { b.Error("bad map entry for chunk") } idx++ if idx == size { idx = 0 } } } func BenchmarkHashInt32Speed(b *testing.B) { ints := make([]int32, size) for i := 0; i < size; i++ { ints[i] = int32(i) } sum := 0 m := make(map[int32]int, size) for i := 0; i < size; i++ { m[ints[i]] = 0 } idx := 0 b.ResetTimer() for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { sum += m[ints[idx]] idx++ if idx == size { idx = 0 } } } func BenchmarkHashInt64Speed(b *testing.B) { ints := make([]int64, size) for i := 0; i < size; i++ { ints[i] = int64(i) } sum := 0 m := make(map[int64]int, size) for i := 0; i < size; i++ { m[ints[i]] = 0 } idx := 0 b.ResetTimer() for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { sum += m[ints[idx]] idx++ if idx == size { idx = 0 } } } func BenchmarkHashStringArraySpeed(b *testing.B) { stringpairs := make([][2]string, size) for i := 0; i < size; i++ { for j := 0; j < 2; j++ { stringpairs[i][j] = fmt.Sprintf("string#%d/%d", i, j) } } sum := 0 m := make(map[[2]string]int, size) for i := 0; i < size; i++ { m[stringpairs[i]] = 0 } idx := 0 b.ResetTimer() for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { sum += m[stringpairs[idx]] idx++ if idx == size { idx = 0 } } } func BenchmarkMegMap(b *testing.B) { m := make(map[string]bool) for suffix := 'A'; suffix <= 'G'; suffix++ { m[strings.Repeat("X", 1<<20-1)+fmt.Sprint(suffix)] = true } key := strings.Repeat("X", 1<<20-1) + "k" b.ResetTimer() for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { _, _ = m[key] } } func BenchmarkMegOneMap(b *testing.B) { m := make(map[string]bool) m[strings.Repeat("X", 1<<20)] = true key := strings.Repeat("Y", 1<<20) b.ResetTimer() for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { _, _ = m[key] } } func BenchmarkMegEqMap(b *testing.B) { m := make(map[string]bool) key1 := strings.Repeat("X", 1<<20) key2 := strings.Repeat("X", 1<<20) // equal but different instance m[key1] = true b.ResetTimer() for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { _, _ = m[key2] } } func BenchmarkMegEmptyMap(b *testing.B) { m := make(map[string]bool) key := strings.Repeat("X", 1<<20) b.ResetTimer() for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { _, _ = m[key] } } func BenchmarkSmallStrMap(b *testing.B) { m := make(map[string]bool) for suffix := 'A'; suffix <= 'G'; suffix++ { m[fmt.Sprint(suffix)] = true } key := "k" b.ResetTimer() for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { _, _ = m[key] } } func BenchmarkMapStringKeysEight_16(b *testing.B) { benchmarkMapStringKeysEight(b, 16) } func BenchmarkMapStringKeysEight_32(b *testing.B) { benchmarkMapStringKeysEight(b, 32) } func BenchmarkMapStringKeysEight_64(b *testing.B) { benchmarkMapStringKeysEight(b, 64) } func BenchmarkMapStringKeysEight_1M(b *testing.B) { benchmarkMapStringKeysEight(b, 1<<20) } func benchmarkMapStringKeysEight(b *testing.B, keySize int) { m := make(map[string]bool) for i := 0; i < 8; i++ { m[strings.Repeat("K", i+1)] = true } key := strings.Repeat("K", keySize) b.ResetTimer() for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { _ = m[key] } } func BenchmarkIntMap(b *testing.B) { m := make(map[int]bool) for i := 0; i < 8; i++ { m[i] = true } b.ResetTimer() for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { _, _ = m[7] } } func BenchmarkMapFirst(b *testing.B) { for n := 1; n <= 16; n++ { b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%d", n), func(b *testing.B) { m := make(map[int]bool) for i := 0; i < n; i++ { m[i] = true } b.ResetTimer() for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { _ = m[0] } }) } } func BenchmarkMapMid(b *testing.B) { for n := 1; n <= 16; n++ { b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%d", n), func(b *testing.B) { m := make(map[int]bool) for i := 0; i < n; i++ { m[i] = true } b.ResetTimer() for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { _ = m[n>>1] } }) } } func BenchmarkMapLast(b *testing.B) { for n := 1; n <= 16; n++ { b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%d", n), func(b *testing.B) { m := make(map[int]bool) for i := 0; i < n; i++ { m[i] = true } b.ResetTimer() for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { _ = m[n-1] } }) } } func BenchmarkMapCycle(b *testing.B) { // Arrange map entries to be a permuation, so that // we hit all entries, and one lookup is data dependent // on the previous lookup. const N = 3127 p := rand.New(rand.NewSource(1)).Perm(N) m := map[int]int{} for i := 0; i < N; i++ { m[i] = p[i] } b.ResetTimer() j := 0 for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { j = m[j] } sink = uint64(j) } // Accessing the same keys in a row. func benchmarkRepeatedLookup(b *testing.B, lookupKeySize int) { m := make(map[string]bool) // At least bigger than a single bucket: for i := 0; i < 64; i++ { m[fmt.Sprintf("some key %d", i)] = true } base := strings.Repeat("x", lookupKeySize-1) key1 := base + "1" key2 := base + "2" b.ResetTimer() for i := 0; i < b.N/4; i++ { _ = m[key1] _ = m[key1] _ = m[key2] _ = m[key2] } } func BenchmarkRepeatedLookupStrMapKey32(b *testing.B) { benchmarkRepeatedLookup(b, 32) } func BenchmarkRepeatedLookupStrMapKey1M(b *testing.B) { benchmarkRepeatedLookup(b, 1<<20) } func BenchmarkMakeMap(b *testing.B) { b.Run("[Byte]Byte", func(b *testing.B) { var m map[byte]byte for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { m = make(map[byte]byte, 10) } hugeSink = m }) b.Run("[Int]Int", func(b *testing.B) { var m map[int]int for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { m = make(map[int]int, 10) } hugeSink = m }) } func BenchmarkNewEmptyMap(b *testing.B) { b.ReportAllocs() for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { _ = make(map[int]int) } } func BenchmarkNewSmallMap(b *testing.B) { b.ReportAllocs() for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { m := make(map[int]int) m[0] = 0 m[1] = 1 } } func BenchmarkMapIter(b *testing.B) { m := make(map[int]bool) for i := 0; i < 8; i++ { m[i] = true } b.ResetTimer() for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { for range m { } } } func BenchmarkMapIterEmpty(b *testing.B) { m := make(map[int]bool) b.ResetTimer() for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { for range m { } } } func BenchmarkSameLengthMap(b *testing.B) { // long strings, same length, differ in first few // and last few bytes. m := make(map[string]bool) s1 := "foo" + strings.Repeat("-", 100) + "bar" s2 := "goo" + strings.Repeat("-", 100) + "ber" m[s1] = true m[s2] = true b.ResetTimer() for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { _ = m[s1] } } type BigKey [3]int64 func BenchmarkBigKeyMap(b *testing.B) { m := make(map[BigKey]bool) k := BigKey{3, 4, 5} m[k] = true for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { _ = m[k] } } type BigVal [3]int64 func BenchmarkBigValMap(b *testing.B) { m := make(map[BigKey]BigVal) k := BigKey{3, 4, 5} m[k] = BigVal{6, 7, 8} for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { _ = m[k] } } func BenchmarkSmallKeyMap(b *testing.B) { m := make(map[int16]bool) m[5] = true for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { _ = m[5] } } func BenchmarkMapPopulate(b *testing.B) { for size := 1; size < 1000000; size *= 10 { b.Run(strconv.Itoa(size), func(b *testing.B) { b.ReportAllocs() for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { m := make(map[int]bool) for j := 0; j < size; j++ { m[j] = true } } }) } } type ComplexAlgKey struct { a, b, c int64 _ int d int32 _ int e string _ int f, g, h int64 } func BenchmarkComplexAlgMap(b *testing.B) { m := make(map[ComplexAlgKey]bool) var k ComplexAlgKey m[k] = true for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { _ = m[k] } } func BenchmarkGoMapClear(b *testing.B) { b.Run("Reflexive", func(b *testing.B) { for size := 1; size < 100000; size *= 10 { b.Run(strconv.Itoa(size), func(b *testing.B) { m := make(map[int]int, size) for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { m[0] = size // Add one element so len(m) != 0 avoiding fast paths. for k := range m { delete(m, k) } } }) } }) b.Run("NonReflexive", func(b *testing.B) { for size := 1; size < 100000; size *= 10 { b.Run(strconv.Itoa(size), func(b *testing.B) { m := make(map[float64]int, size) for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { m[1.0] = size // Add one element so len(m) != 0 avoiding fast paths. for k := range m { delete(m, k) } } }) } }) } func BenchmarkMapStringConversion(b *testing.B) { for _, length := range []int{32, 64} { b.Run(strconv.Itoa(length), func(b *testing.B) { bytes := make([]byte, length) b.Run("simple", func(b *testing.B) { b.ReportAllocs() m := make(map[string]int) m[string(bytes)] = 0 for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { _ = m[string(bytes)] } }) b.Run("struct", func(b *testing.B) { b.ReportAllocs() type stringstruct struct{ s string } m := make(map[stringstruct]int) m[stringstruct{string(bytes)}] = 0 for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { _ = m[stringstruct{string(bytes)}] } }) b.Run("array", func(b *testing.B) { b.ReportAllocs() type stringarray [1]string m := make(map[stringarray]int) m[stringarray{string(bytes)}] = 0 for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { _ = m[stringarray{string(bytes)}] } }) }) } }