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<h1>GNU Make Standard Library</h1>
The GNU Make Standard Library (GMSL) is a collection of functions
implemented using native GNU Make functionality that provide list and
string manipulation, integer arithmetic, associative arrays, stacks,
and debugging facilities. The GMSL is released under the BSD License.<br>
<br>
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/gmsl/">[Project Page]</a> <a href="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=129887">[Download]</a>
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/forum/forum.php?forum_id=443916">[Discussion
Forum]</a><br>
<h2>Using GMSL</h2>
The two files needed are <span style="font-family: monospace;">gmsl</span>
and <span style="font-family: monospace;">__gmsl</span>. To
include the GMSL in your Makefile do<br>
<pre style="margin-left: 40px;">include gmsl</pre>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">gmsl</span> automatically includes<span style="font-family: monospace;"> __gmsl</span>. To check that
you have the right version of <span style="font-family: monospace;">gmsl</span>
use the <span style="font-family: monospace;">gmsl_compatible</span>
function (see
below). The current version is <span style="font-family: monospace;">1
0 11</span>.<br>
<br>
The GMSL package also includes a test suite for GMSL. Just run <span style="font-family: monospace;">make -f gmsl-tests</span>.<br>
<h2>Logical Operators</h2>GMSL has boolean $(true) (a non-empty string)
and $(false) (an empty string). The following operators can be
used with those variables.<br>
<br>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">not</span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: A boolean value</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Returns: Returns $(true) if the boolean is $(false) and vice versa</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px; font-family: monospace;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">and</span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: Two boolean values</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Returns: Returns $(true) if both of the booleans are true</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px; font-family: monospace;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">or</span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: Two boolean values</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Returns: Returns $(true) if either of the booleans is true</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px; font-family: monospace;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">xor</span><br style="font-weight: bold;">
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: Two boolean values</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Returns: Returns $(true) if exactly one of the booleans is true</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px; font-family: monospace;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">nand</span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: Two boolean values</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Returns: Returns value of 'not and'</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px; font-family: monospace;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">nor</span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: Two boolean values</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Returns: Returns value of 'not or'</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px; font-family: monospace;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">xnor</span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: Two boolean values</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Returns: Returns value of 'not xor'</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px; font-family: monospace;">
<h2>List Manipulation Functions</h2>
A list is a string of characters; the list separator is a space.<br>
<br>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><b>first</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A list<br>
Returns: Returns the first element of a list<br>
</span>
<hr><b>last</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A list<br>
Returns: Returns the last element of a list<br>
</span>
<hr><b>rest</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A list<br>
Returns: Returns the list with the first element
removed<br>
</span>
<hr><b>chop</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A list<br>
Returns: Returns the list with the last element removed<br>
</span>
<hr><b>map</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: Name of function to
$(call) for each element of list<br>
2: List to
iterate over calling the function in 1<br>
Returns: The list after calling the function on each
element<br>
</span>
<hr><b>pairmap</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: Name of function to
$(call) for each pair of elements<br>
2: List to
iterate over calling the function in 1<br>
3: Second
list to iterate over calling the function in 1<br>
Returns: The list after calling the function on each
pair of elements<br>
</span>
<hr><b>leq</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A list to compare
against...<br>
2: ...this
list<br>
Returns: Returns $(true) if the two lists are identical<br>
</span>
<hr><b>lne</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A list to compare
against...<br>
2: ...this
list<br>
Returns: Returns $(true) if the two lists are different<br>
</span>
<hr><b>reverse</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A list to reverse<br>
Returns: The list with its elements in reverse order<br>
</span>
<hr><b>uniq</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A list to deduplicate<br>
Returns: The list with elements in order without duplicates<br>
</span>
<hr><b>length</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A list<br>
Returns: The number of elements in the list<br>
</span>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><span style="font-family: monospace;"></span>
<h2>String Manipulation Functions</h2>
A string is any sequence of characters.<br>
<br>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><b>seq</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A string to compare
against...<br>
2: ...this
string<br>
Returns: Returns $(true) if the two strings are
identical<br>
</span>
<hr><b>sne</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A string to compare
against...<br>
2: ...this
string<br>
Returns: Returns $(true) if the two strings are not
the same<br>
</span>
<hr><b>strlen</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A string<br>
Returns: Returns the length of the string<br>
</span>
<hr><b>substr</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A string<br>
2: Start offset (first character is 1)<br>
3: Ending offset (inclusive)<br>Returns: Returns a substring<br>
</span>
<hr><b>split</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: The character to
split on<br>
2: A
string to split<br>
Returns: Splits a string into a list separated by
spaces at the split<br>
character
in the first argument<br>
</span>
<hr><b>merge</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: The character to
put between fields<br>
2: A list
to merge into a string<br>
Returns: Merges a list into a single string, list
elements are separated<br>
by the
character in the first argument<br>
</span>
<hr><b>tr</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: The list of
characters to translate from <br>
2: The
list of characters to translate to<br>
3: The
text to translate<br>
Returns: Returns the text after translating characters<br>
</span>
<hr><b>uc</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: Text to upper case<br>
Returns: Returns the text in upper case<br>
</span>
<hr><b>lc</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: Text to lower case<br>
Returns: Returns the text in lower case<br>
</span>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><span style="font-family: monospace;"></span>
<h2>Set Manipulation Functions</h2>
Sets are represented by sorted, deduplicated lists. To create a set
from a list use <span style="font-family:
monospace;">set_create</span>, or start with the <span
style="font-family: monospace;">empty_set</span> and <span
style="font-family: monospace;">set_insert</span> individual elements.
The empty set is defined as <span style="font-family:
monospace;">empty_set</span>.<p>
<hr><b>set_create</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A list of set elements<br>
Returns: Returns the newly created set<br>
</span>
<hr><b>set_insert</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A single element to add to a set<br>
2: A set<br>
Returns: Returns the set with the element added<br>
</span>
<hr><b>set_remove</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A single element to remove from a set<br>
2: A set<br>
Returns: Returns the set with the element removed<br>
</span>
<hr><b>set_is_member</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A single element<br>
2: A set<br>
Returns: Returns $(true) if the element is in the set<br>
</span>
<hr><b>set_union</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A set<br>
2: Another set<br>
Returns: Returns the union of the two sets<br>
</span>
<hr><b>set_intersection</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A set<br>
2: Another set<br>
Returns: Returns the intersection of the two sets<br>
</span>
<hr><b>set_is_subset</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A set<br>
2: Another set<br>
Returns: Returns $(true) if the first set is a subset of the second<br>
</span>
<hr><b>set_equal</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A set<br>
2: Another set<br>
Returns: Returns $(true) if the two sets are identical<br>
</span>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><span style="font-family: monospace;"></span>
<h2>Integer Arithmetic Functions</h2>
Integers are represented by lists with the equivalent number of
x's. For example the number 4 is x x x x. The maximum
integer that the library can handle as <span style="font-style: italic;">input</span> (i.e. as the argument to a
call to <span style="font-family: monospace;">int_encode</span>) is
65536. There is no limit on integer size for internal computations or
output.<br>
<br>
The arithmetic library functions come in two forms: one form of each
function takes integers as arguments and the other form takes the
encoded form (x's created by a call to <span style="font-family: monospace;">int_encode</span>). For example,
there are two plus functions: <span style="font-family: monospace;">plus</span>
(called with integer arguments and returns an integer) and <span style="font-family: monospace;">int_plus</span> (called with encoded
arguments and returns an encoded result).<br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">plus</span> will be slower than <span style="font-family: monospace;">int_plus</span> because its arguments
and result have to be translated between the x's format and
integers. If doing a complex calculation use the <span style="font-family: monospace;">int_*</span> forms with a single
encoding of inputs and single decoding of the output. For simple
calculations the direct forms can be used.<br>
<br>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><b>int_decode</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A number of x's
representation<br>
Returns: Returns the integer for human consumption
that is represented<br>
by the
string of x's<br>
</span>
<hr><b>int_encode</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A number in
human-readable integer form<br>
Returns: Returns the integer encoded as a string of x's<br>
</span>
<hr><b>int_plus</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A number in x's
representation<br>
2: Another
number in x's represntation<br>
Returns: Returns the sum of the two numbers in x's
representation<br>
</span>
<hr><b>plus (wrapped version of int_plus)</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: An integer<br>
2: Another
integer<br>
Returns: Returns the sum of the two integers<br>
</span>
<hr><b>int_subtract</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A number in x's
representation<br>
2: Another
number in x's represntation<br>
Returns: Returns the difference of the two numbers in
x's representation,<br>
or outputs
an error on a numeric underflow<br>
</span>
<hr><b>subtract (wrapped version of int_subtract)</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: An integer<br>
2: Another
integer<br>
Returns: Returns the difference of the two integers,<br>
or outputs
an error on a numeric underflow<br>
</span>
<hr><b>int_multiply</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A number in x's
representation<br>
2: Another
number in x's represntation<br>
Returns: Returns the product of the two numbers in x's
representation<br>
</span>
<hr><b>multiply (wrapped version of int_multiply)</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: An integer<br>
2: Another
integer<br>
Returns: Returns the product of the two integers<br>
</span>
<hr><b>int_divide</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A number in x's
representation<br>
2: Another
number in x's represntation<br>
Returns: Returns the result of integer division of
argument 1 divided<br>
by
argument 2 in x's representation<br>
</span>
<hr><b>divide (wrapped version of int_divide)</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: An integer<br>
2: Another
integer<br>
Returns: Returns the integer division of the first
argument by the second<br>
</span>
<hr><b>int_max, int_min</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A number in x's
representation<br>
2: Another
number in x's represntation<br>
Returns: Returns the maximum or minimum of its
arguments in x's<br>
representation<br>
</span>
<hr><b>max, min</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: An integer<br>
2: Another
integer<br>
Returns: Returns the maximum or minimum of its integer
arguments<br>
</span>
<hr><b>int_gt, int_gte, int_lt, int_lte, int_eq, int_ne</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: Two x's representation
numbers to be compared<br>
Returns: $(true) or $(false)<br>
<br>
int_gt First argument greater than second argument<br>
int_gte First argument greater than or equal to second argument<br>
int_lt First argument less than second argument <br>
int_lte First argument less than or equal to second argument<br>
int_eq First argument is numerically equal to the second argument<br>
int_ne First argument is not numerically equal to the second argument<br>
</span>
<hr><b>gt, gte, lt, lte, eq, ne</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: Two integers to be
compared<br>
Returns: $(true) or $(false)<br>
<br>
gt First argument greater than second argument<br>
gte First argument greater than or equal to second argument<br>
lt First argument less than second argument <br>
lte First argument less than or equal to second argument<br>
eq First argument is numerically equal to the second argument<br>
ne First argument is not numerically equal to the second argument<br>
</span>
increment adds 1 to its argument, decrement subtracts 1. Note that<br>
decrement does not range check and hence will not underflow, but<br>
will incorrectly say that 0 - 1 = 0<br>
<hr><b>int_inc</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A number in x's
representation<br>
Returns: The number incremented by 1 in x's
representation<br>
</span>
<hr><b>inc</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: An integer<br>
Returns: The argument incremented by 1<br>
</span>
<hr><b>int_dec</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A number in x's
representation<br>
Returns: The number decremented by 1 in x's
representation<br>
</span>
<hr><b>dec</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: An integer<br>
Returns: The argument decremented by 1<br>
</span>
<hr><b>int_double</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A number in x's
representation<br>
Returns: The number doubled (i.e. * 2) and returned in
x's representation<br>
</span>
<hr><b>double</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: An integer<br>
Returns: The integer times 2<br>
</span>
<hr><b>int_halve</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A number in x's
representation<br>
Returns: The number halved (i.e. / 2) and returned in
x's representation<br>
</span>
<hr><b>halve</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: An integer<br>
Returns: The integer divided by 2<br>
</span>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><span style="font-family: monospace;"></span>
<h2>Associative Arrays</h2>
An associate array maps a key value (a string with no spaces in it) to
a single value (any string). <br>
<b><br>
</b>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><b>set</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: Name of associative
array<br>
2: The key
value to associate<br>
3: The
value associated with the key<br>
Returns: None<br>
</span>
<hr><b>get</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: Name of associative
array<br>
2: The key
to retrieve<br>
Returns: The value stored in the array for that key<br>
</span>
<hr><b>keys</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: Name of associative
array<br>
Returns: Returns a list of all defined keys in the
array<br>
</span>
<hr><b>defined</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: Name of associative
array<br>
2: The key
to test<br>
Returns: Returns true if the key is defined (i.e. not
empty)<br>
</span>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><span style="font-family: monospace;"></span>
<h2>Named Stacks</h2>
A stack is an ordered list of strings (with no spaces in them).<br>
<br>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><b>push</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: Name of stack<br>
2: Value
to push onto the top of the stack (must not contain<br>
a space)<br>
Returns: None<br>
</span>
<hr><b>pop</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: Name of stack<br>
Returns: Top element from the stack after removing it<br>
</span>
<hr><b>peek</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: Name of stack<br>
Returns: Top element from the stack without removing it<br>
</span>
<hr><b>depth</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: Name of stack<br>
Returns: Number of items on the stack<br>
</span>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><span style="font-family: monospace;"></span>
<h2>Miscellaneous and Debugging Facilities</h2>
GMSL defines the following constants; all are accessed as normal GNU
Make variables by wrapping them in <span style="font-family: monospace;">$()</span> or <span style="font-family: monospace;">${}</span>.<br>
<br>
<table style="text-align: left;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-style: italic;">Constant</span><br>
</td>
<td><span style="font-style: italic;">Value</span><br>
</td>
<td><span style="font-style: italic;">Purpose</span><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-family: monospace;">true</span><br>
</td>
<td><span style="font-family: monospace;">T</span><br>
</td>
<td>Boolean for <span style="font-family: monospace;">$(if)</span>
and return from GMSL functions<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-family: monospace;">false</span><br>
</td>
<td><br>
</td>
<td>Boolean for <span style="font-family: monospace;">$(if)</span>
and return from GMSL functions<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-family: monospace;">gmsl_version</span><br>
</td>
<td><span style="font-family: monospace;">1 0 0</span><br>
</td>
<td>GMSL version number as list: major minor revision<br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<span style="font-weight: bold;"><br>
gmsl_compatible</span><span style="font-family: monospace;"><br>
<br>
Arguments: List containing the desired library version number (maj min
rev)<br>
</span><span style="font-family: monospace;">Returns:
$(true) if this version of the library is compatible<br>
</span><span style="font-family: monospace;">
with the requested version number, otherwise $(false)</span>
<hr><b>gmsl-print-% (target not a function)</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: The % should be
replaced by the name of a variable that you<br>
wish to
print out.<br>
Action: Echos the name of the variable that matches
the % and its value.<br>
For
example, 'make gmsl-print-SHELL' will output the value of<br>
the SHELL
variable<br>
</span>
<hr><b>assert</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A boolean that must
be true or the assertion will fail<br>
2: The
message to print with the assertion<br>
Returns: None<br>
</span>
<hr><b>assert_exists</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: Name of file that
must exist, if it is missing an assertion<br>
will be
generated<br>
Returns: None<br>
</span>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><br>
GMSL has a number of environment variables (or command-line overrides)
that control various bits of functionality:<br>
<br>
<table style="text-align: left;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-style: italic;">Variable</span><br>
</td>
<td><span style="font-style: italic;">Purpose</span><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-family: monospace;">GMSL_NO_WARNINGS</span><br>
</td>
<td>If set prevents GMSL from outputting warning messages:
artithmetic functions generate underflow warnings.<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-family: monospace;">GMSL_NO_ERRORS</span><br>
</td>
<td>If set prevents GMSL from generating fatal errors: division
by zero or failed assertions are fatal.<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-family: monospace;">GMSL_TRACE</span><br>
</td>
<td>Enables function tracing. Calls to GMSL functions will
result in name and arguments being traced.<br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<span style="font-family: monospace;"></span><br>
<hr>
Copyright (c) 2005-2006 <a href="http://www.jgc.org/">John Graham-Cumming</a>.<br>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;">
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<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50%;">John Graham-Cumming's work on this
project was sponsored by <a href="http://www.electric-cloud.com/">Electric
Cloud, Inc</a>.<br>
<a href="http://www.electric-cloud.com/"><img alt="" src="http://gmsl.sf.net/ec_logo.gif" style="border: 0px solid ; width: 223px; height: 47px;"></a><br>
</td>
<td align="right">
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