/*
* Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
* the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
* distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
* "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
* FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
* BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
* AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
* OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
* OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
#include <IOKit/IOKitLib.h>
#include <IOKit/IOCFPlugIn.h>
#include <IOKit/usb/IOUSBLib.h>
#include <IOKit/IOMessage.h>
#include <mach/mach_port.h>
#include "usb.h"
/*
* Internal helper functions and associated definitions.
*/
#if TRACE_USB
#define WARN(x...) fprintf(stderr, x)
#else
#define WARN(x...)
#endif
#define ERR(x...) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: " x)
/** An open usb device */
struct usb_handle
{
int success;
ifc_match_func callback;
usb_ifc_info info;
UInt8 bulkIn;
UInt8 bulkOut;
IOUSBInterfaceInterface190 **interface;
unsigned int zero_mask;
};
/** Try out all the interfaces and see if there's a match. Returns 0 on
* success, -1 on failure. */
static int try_interfaces(IOUSBDeviceInterface182 **dev, usb_handle *handle) {
IOReturn kr;
IOUSBFindInterfaceRequest request;
io_iterator_t iterator;
io_service_t usbInterface;
IOCFPlugInInterface **plugInInterface;
IOUSBInterfaceInterface190 **interface = NULL;
HRESULT result;
SInt32 score;
UInt8 interfaceNumEndpoints;
UInt8 endpoint;
UInt8 configuration;
// Placing the constant KIOUSBFindInterfaceDontCare into the following
// fields of the IOUSBFindInterfaceRequest structure will allow us to
// find all of the interfaces
request.bInterfaceClass = kIOUSBFindInterfaceDontCare;
request.bInterfaceSubClass = kIOUSBFindInterfaceDontCare;
request.bInterfaceProtocol = kIOUSBFindInterfaceDontCare;
request.bAlternateSetting = kIOUSBFindInterfaceDontCare;
// SetConfiguration will kill an existing UMS connection, so let's
// not do this if not necessary.
configuration = 0;
(*dev)->GetConfiguration(dev, &configuration);
if (configuration != 1)
(*dev)->SetConfiguration(dev, 1);
// Get an iterator for the interfaces on the device
kr = (*dev)->CreateInterfaceIterator(dev, &request, &iterator);
if (kr != 0) {
ERR("Couldn't create a device interface iterator: (%08x)\n", kr);
return -1;
}
while ((usbInterface = IOIteratorNext(iterator))) {
// Create an intermediate plugin
kr = IOCreatePlugInInterfaceForService(
usbInterface,
kIOUSBInterfaceUserClientTypeID,
kIOCFPlugInInterfaceID,
&plugInInterface,
&score);
// No longer need the usbInterface object now that we have the plugin
(void) IOObjectRelease(usbInterface);
if ((kr != 0) || (!plugInInterface)) {
WARN("Unable to create plugin (%08x)\n", kr);
continue;
}
// Now create the interface interface for the interface
result = (*plugInInterface)->QueryInterface(
plugInInterface,
CFUUIDGetUUIDBytes(kIOUSBInterfaceInterfaceID),
(LPVOID) &interface);
// No longer need the intermediate plugin
(*plugInInterface)->Release(plugInInterface);
if (result || !interface) {
ERR("Couldn't create interface interface: (%08x)\n",
(unsigned int) result);
// continue so we can try the next interface
continue;
}
/*
* Now open the interface. This will cause the pipes
* associated with the endpoints in the interface descriptor
* to be instantiated.
*/
/*
* TODO: Earlier comments here indicated that it was a bad
* idea to just open any interface, because opening "mass
* storage endpoints" is bad. However, the only way to find
* out if an interface does bulk in or out is to open it, and
* the framework in this application wants to be told about
* bulk in / out before deciding whether it actually wants to
* use the interface. Maybe something needs to be done about
* this situation.
*/
kr = (*interface)->USBInterfaceOpen(interface);
if (kr != 0) {
WARN("Could not open interface: (%08x)\n", kr);
(void) (*interface)->Release(interface);
// continue so we can try the next interface
continue;
}
// Get the number of endpoints associated with this interface.
kr = (*interface)->GetNumEndpoints(interface, &interfaceNumEndpoints);
if (kr != 0) {
ERR("Unable to get number of endpoints: (%08x)\n", kr);
goto next_interface;
}
// Get interface class, subclass and protocol
if ((*interface)->GetInterfaceClass(interface, &handle->info.ifc_class) != 0 ||
(*interface)->GetInterfaceSubClass(interface, &handle->info.ifc_subclass) != 0 ||
(*interface)->GetInterfaceProtocol(interface, &handle->info.ifc_protocol) != 0)
{
ERR("Unable to get interface class, subclass and protocol\n");
goto next_interface;
}
handle->info.has_bulk_in = 0;
handle->info.has_bulk_out = 0;
// Iterate over the endpoints for this interface and see if there
// are any that do bulk in/out.
for (endpoint = 0; endpoint <= interfaceNumEndpoints; endpoint++) {
UInt8 transferType;
UInt16 maxPacketSize;
UInt8 interval;
UInt8 number;
UInt8 direction;
kr = (*interface)->GetPipeProperties(interface, endpoint,
&direction,
&number, &transferType, &maxPacketSize, &interval);
if (kr == 0) {
if (transferType != kUSBBulk) {
continue;
}
if (direction == kUSBIn) {
handle->info.has_bulk_in = 1;
handle->bulkIn = endpoint;
} else if (direction == kUSBOut) {
handle->info.has_bulk_out = 1;
handle->bulkOut = endpoint;
}
if (handle->info.ifc_protocol == 0x01) {
handle->zero_mask = maxPacketSize - 1;
}
} else {
ERR("could not get pipe properties\n");
}
if (handle->info.has_bulk_in && handle->info.has_bulk_out) {
break;
}
}
if (handle->callback(&handle->info) == 0) {
handle->interface = interface;
handle->success = 1;
/*
* Clear both the endpoints, because it has been observed
* that the Mac may otherwise (incorrectly) start out with
* them in bad state.
*/
if (handle->info.has_bulk_in) {
kr = (*interface)->ClearPipeStallBothEnds(interface,
handle->bulkIn);
if (kr != 0) {
ERR("could not clear input pipe; result %d", kr);
return -1;
}
}
if (handle->info.has_bulk_out) {
kr = (*interface)->ClearPipeStallBothEnds(interface,
handle->bulkOut);
if (kr != 0) {
ERR("could not clear output pipe; result %d", kr);
return -1;
}
}
return 0;
}
next_interface:
(*interface)->USBInterfaceClose(interface);
(*interface)->Release(interface);
}
return 0;
}
/** Try out the given device and see if there's a match. Returns 0 on
* success, -1 on failure.
*/
static int try_device(io_service_t device, usb_handle *handle) {
kern_return_t kr;
IOCFPlugInInterface **plugin = NULL;
IOUSBDeviceInterface182 **dev = NULL;
SInt32 score;
HRESULT result;
UInt8 serialIndex;
// Create an intermediate plugin.
kr = IOCreatePlugInInterfaceForService(device,
kIOUSBDeviceUserClientTypeID,
kIOCFPlugInInterfaceID,
&plugin, &score);
if ((kr != 0) || (plugin == NULL)) {
ERR("Unable to create a plug-in (%08x)\n", kr);
goto error;
}
// Now create the device interface.
result = (*plugin)->QueryInterface(plugin,
CFUUIDGetUUIDBytes(kIOUSBDeviceInterfaceID), (LPVOID) &dev);
if ((result != 0) || (dev == NULL)) {
ERR("Couldn't create a device interface (%08x)\n", (int) result);
goto error;
}
/*
* We don't need the intermediate interface after the device interface
* is created.
*/
IODestroyPlugInInterface(plugin);
// So, we have a device, finally. Grab its vitals.
kr = (*dev)->GetDeviceVendor(dev, &handle->info.dev_vendor);
if (kr != 0) {
ERR("GetDeviceVendor");
goto error;
}
kr = (*dev)->GetDeviceProduct(dev, &handle->info.dev_product);
if (kr != 0) {
ERR("GetDeviceProduct");
goto error;
}
kr = (*dev)->GetDeviceClass(dev, &handle->info.dev_class);
if (kr != 0) {
ERR("GetDeviceClass");
goto error;
}
kr = (*dev)->GetDeviceSubClass(dev, &handle->info.dev_subclass);
if (kr != 0) {
ERR("GetDeviceSubClass");
goto error;
}
kr = (*dev)->GetDeviceProtocol(dev, &handle->info.dev_protocol);
if (kr != 0) {
ERR("GetDeviceProtocol");
goto error;
}
kr = (*dev)->USBGetSerialNumberStringIndex(dev, &serialIndex);
if (serialIndex > 0) {
IOUSBDevRequest req;
UInt16 buffer[256];
req.bmRequestType = USBmakebmRequestType(kUSBIn, kUSBStandard, kUSBDevice);
req.bRequest = kUSBRqGetDescriptor;
req.wValue = (kUSBStringDesc << 8) | serialIndex;
req.wIndex = 0;
req.pData = buffer;
req.wLength = sizeof(buffer);
kr = (*dev)->DeviceRequest(dev, &req);
if (kr == kIOReturnSuccess && req.wLenDone > 0) {
int i, count;
// skip first word, and copy the rest to the serial string, changing shorts to bytes.
count = (req.wLenDone - 1) / 2;
for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
handle->info.serial_number[i] = buffer[i + 1];
handle->info.serial_number[i] = 0;
}
} else {
// device has no serial number
handle->info.serial_number[0] = 0;
}
handle->info.writable = 1;
if (try_interfaces(dev, handle)) {
goto error;
}
(*dev)->Release(dev);
return 0;
error:
if (dev != NULL) {
(*dev)->Release(dev);
}
return -1;
}
/** Initializes the USB system. Returns 0 on success, -1 on error. */
static int init_usb(ifc_match_func callback, usb_handle **handle) {
int ret = -1;
CFMutableDictionaryRef matchingDict;
kern_return_t result;
io_iterator_t iterator;
usb_handle h;
h.success = 0;
h.callback = callback;
/*
* Create our matching dictionary to find appropriate devices.
* IOServiceAddMatchingNotification consumes the reference, so we
* do not need to release it.
*/
matchingDict = IOServiceMatching(kIOUSBDeviceClassName);
if (matchingDict == NULL) {
ERR("Couldn't create USB matching dictionary.\n");
return -1;
}
result = IOServiceGetMatchingServices(
kIOMasterPortDefault, matchingDict, &iterator);
if (result != 0) {
ERR("Could not create iterator.");
return -1;
}
for (;;) {
if (! IOIteratorIsValid(iterator)) {
/*
* Apple documentation advises resetting the iterator if
* it should become invalid during iteration.
*/
IOIteratorReset(iterator);
continue;
}
io_service_t device = IOIteratorNext(iterator);
if (device == 0) {
break;
}
if (try_device(device, &h) != 0) {
IOObjectRelease(device);
ret = -1;
break;
}
if (h.success) {
*handle = calloc(1, sizeof(usb_handle));
memcpy(*handle, &h, sizeof(usb_handle));
ret = 0;
break;
}
IOObjectRelease(device);
}
IOObjectRelease(iterator);
return ret;
}
/*
* Definitions of this file's public functions.
*/
usb_handle *usb_open(ifc_match_func callback) {
usb_handle *handle = NULL;
if (init_usb(callback, &handle) < 0) {
/* Something went wrong initializing USB. */
return NULL;
}
return handle;
}
int usb_close(usb_handle *h) {
/* TODO: Something better here? */
return 0;
}
int usb_read(usb_handle *h, void *data, int len) {
IOReturn result;
UInt32 numBytes = len;
if (len == 0) {
return 0;
}
if (h == NULL) {
return -1;
}
if (h->interface == NULL) {
ERR("usb_read interface was null\n");
return -1;
}
if (h->bulkIn == 0) {
ERR("bulkIn endpoint not assigned\n");
return -1;
}
result = (*h->interface)->ReadPipe(
h->interface, h->bulkIn, data, &numBytes);
if (result == 0) {
return (int) numBytes;
} else {
ERR("usb_read failed with status %x\n", result);
}
return -1;
}
int usb_write(usb_handle *h, const void *data, int len) {
IOReturn result;
if (len == 0) {
return 0;
}
if (h == NULL) {
return -1;
}
if (h->interface == NULL) {
ERR("usb_write interface was null\n");
return -1;
}
if (h->bulkOut == 0) {
ERR("bulkOut endpoint not assigned\n");
return -1;
}
#if 0
result = (*h->interface)->WritePipe(
h->interface, h->bulkOut, (void *)data, len);
#else
/* Attempt to work around crashes in the USB driver that may be caused
* by trying to write too much data at once. The kernel IOCopyMapper
* panics if a single iovmAlloc needs more than half of its mapper pages.
*/
const int maxLenToSend = 1048576; // 1 MiB
int lenRemaining = len;
result = 0;
while (lenRemaining > 0) {
int lenToSend = lenRemaining > maxLenToSend
? maxLenToSend : lenRemaining;
result = (*h->interface)->WritePipe(
h->interface, h->bulkOut, (void *)data, lenToSend);
if (result != 0) break;
lenRemaining -= lenToSend;
data = (const char*)data + lenToSend;
}
#endif
#if 0
if ((result == 0) && (h->zero_mask)) {
/* we need 0-markers and our transfer */
if(!(len & h->zero_mask)) {
result = (*h->interface)->WritePipe(
h->interface, h->bulkOut, (void *)data, 0);
}
}
#endif
if (result != 0) {
ERR("usb_write failed with status %x\n", result);
return -1;
}
return len;
}