page.title=User Notifications
@jd:body
<div id="qv-wrapper">
<div id="qv">
<h2>Quickview</h2>
<ul>
<li>Learn how to send a single message to multiple devices owned by a single user.</li>
</ul>
<h2>In this document</h2>
<ol class="toc">
<li><a href="#what">What are User Notifications?</a> </li>
<li><a href="#examples">Examples</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="#create">Generate a notification key</a></li>
<li><a href="#add">Add registration IDs</a></li>
<li><a href="#remove">Remove registration IDs</a></li>
<li><a href="#upstream">Send upstream messages</a></li>
<li><a href="#response">Response formats</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<ol class="toc">
<li><a href="{@docRoot}google/gcm/gs.html">Getting Started</a></li>
<li><a href="https://services.google.com/fb/forms/gcm/" class="external-link" target="_android">CCS and User Notifications Signup Form</a></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> To try out this feature, sign up using <a href="https://services.google.com/fb/forms/gcm/">this form</a>.</p>
<p>The upstream messaging (device-to-cloud) feature described in this document is part of the Google Play services platform. Upstream messaging is available through the <a href="{@docRoot}reference/com/google/android/gms/gcm/GoogleCloudMessaging.html">GoogleCloudMessaging</a> APIs. To use upstream messaging and the new streamlined registration process, you must <a href="{@docRoot}google/play-services/setup.html">set up</a> the Google Play services SDK.</p>
<h2 id="what">What are User Notifications?</h2>
<p>Third party servers can send a single message to multiple instance of an app running on devices owned by a single user. This feature is called <em>user notifications</em>. User notifications make it possible for every app instance that a user owns to reflect the latest messaging state. For example:</p>
<ul>
<li>If a message has been handled on one device, the GCM message on the other devices are dismissed. For example, if a user has handled a calendar notification on one device, the notification will go away on the user's other devices.</li>
<li>If a message has not been delivered yet to a device and but it has been handled, the GCM server removes it from the unsent queue for the other devices.</li>
<li>Likewise, a device can send messages to the {@code notification_key}, which is the token that GCM uses to fan out notifications to all devices whose registration IDs are associated with the key.</li>
</ul>
<p>The way this works is that during registration, the 3rd-party server requests a {@code notification_key}. The {@code notification_key} maps a particular user to all of the user's associated registration IDs (a regID represents a particular Android application running on a particular device). Then instead of sending one message to one regID at a time, the 3rd-party server can send a message to to the {@code notification_key}, which then sends the message to all of the user's regIDs.</p>
<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> A notification dismissal message is like any other upstream message, meaning that it will be delivered to the other devices that belong to the specified {@code notification_key}. You should design your app to handle cases where the app receives a dismissal message, but has not yet displayed the notification that is being dismissed. You can solve this by caching the dismissal and then reconciling it with the corresponding notification.
</p>
<p>You can use this feature with either the new <a href="ccs.html">GCM Cloud Connection Server</a> (CCS), or the older <a href="gcm.html">GCM HTTP server</a>.</p>
<h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
<p>The examples in this section show you how to perform generate/add/remove operations, and how to send upstream messages. For generate/add/remove operations, the message body is JSON.</p>
<h4 id="request">Request format</h4>
<p>To send a message, the application server issues a POST request to <code>https://android.googleapis.com/gcm/notification</code>.</p>
<p>Here is the HTTP request header you should use for all create/add/remove operations:</p>
<pre>content-type: "application/json"
Header : "project_id": <projectID>
Header: "Authorization", "key=API_KEY"
</pre>
<h4 id="create">Generate a notification key</h4>
<p>This example shows how to create a new <code>notification_key</code> for a <code>notification_key_name</code> called <code>appUser-Chris</code>. The {@code notification_key_name} is a name or identifier (can be a username for a 3rd-party app) that is unique to a given user. It is used by third parties to group together registration IDs for a single user. Note that <code>notification_key_name</code> and <code>notification_key</code> are unique to a group of registration IDs. It is also important that <code>notification_key_name</code> be uniquely named per app in case you have multiple apps for the same project ID. This ensures that notifications only go to the intended target app.</p>
<p>A create operation returns a token (<code>notification_key</code>). Third parties must save this token (as well as its mapping to the <code>notification_key_name</code>) to use in subsequent operations:</p>
<pre>request:
{
"operation": "create",
"notification_key_name": "appUser-Chris",
"registration_ids": ["4", "8", "15", "16", "23", "42"]
}</pre>
<h4 id="add">Add registration IDs</h4>
<p>This example shows how to add registration IDs for a given notification key. The maximum number of members allowed for a {@code notification_key} is 10.</p>
<p>Note that the <code>notification_key_name</code> is not strictly required for adding/removing regIDs. But including it protects you against accidentally using the incorrect <code>notification_key</code>.</p>
<pre>request:
{
"operation": "add",
"notification_key_name": "appUser-Chris",
"notification_key": "aUniqueKey"
"registration_ids": ["4", "8", "15", "16", "23", "42"]
}</pre>
<h4 id="remove">Remove registration IDs</h4>
<p>This example shows how to remove registration IDs for a given notification key:</p>
<pre>request:
{
"operation": "remove",
"notification_key_name": "appUser-Chris",
"notification_key": "aUniqueKey"
"registration_ids": ["4", "8", "15", "16", "23", "42"]
}</pre>
<h4 id="upstream">Send upstream messages</h4>
<p>To send an upstream (device-to-cloud) message, you must use the <a href="{@docRoot}reference/com/google/android/gms/gcm/GoogleCloudMessaging.html">GoogleCloudMessaging</a> API. Specifying a {@code notification_key} as the target for an upstream message allows a user on one device to send a message to other devices in the notification group—for example, to dismiss a notification. Here is an example that shows targeting a {@code notification_key}:</p>
<pre>GoogleCloudMessaging gcm = GoogleCloudMessaging.get(context);
String to = NOTIFICATION_KEY;
AtomicInteger msgId = new AtomicInteger();
String id = Integer.toString(msgId.incrementAndGet());
Bundle data = new Bundle();
data.putString("hello", "world");
gcm.send(to, id, data);
</pre>
<p>This call generates the necessary XMPP stanza for sending the message. The Bundle data consists of a key-value pair.</p>
<p>For a complete example, see <a href="gs.html#gs_example">Getting Started</a>.
<h4 id="response">Response formats</h4>
<p>This section shows examples of the responses that can be returned for notification key operations.</p>
<h5>Response for create/add/remove operations</h5>
<p>When you make a request to create a {@code notification_key} or to add/remove its the wayregIDs, a successful response always returns the <code>notification_key</code>. This is the {@code notification_key} you will use for sending messages:</p>
<pre>HTTP status: 200
{
"notification_key": "aUniqueKey", // to be used for sending
}</pre>
<h5>Response for send operations</h5>
<p>For a send operation that has a {@code notification_key} as its target, the possible responses are success, partial success, and failure.</p>
<p>Here is an example of "success"—the {@code notification_key} has 2 regIDs associated with it, and the message was successfully sent to both of them:</p>
<pre>{
"success": 2,
"failure": 0
}</pre>
<p>Here is an example of "partial success"—the {@code notification_key} has 3 regIDs associated with it. The message was successfully send to 1 of the regIDs, but not to the other 2. The response message lists the regIDs that failed to receive the message:</p>
<pre>{
"success":1,
"failure":2,
"failed_registration_ids":[
"regId1",
"regId2"
]
}</pre>
<p>In the case of failure, the response has HTTP code 503 and no JSON. When a message fails to be delivered to one or more of the regIDs associated with a {@code notification_key}, the 3rd-party server should retry.</p>