/*
* filefrag.c -- report if a particular file is fragmented
*
* Copyright 2003 by Theodore Ts'o.
*
* %Begin-Header%
* This file may be redistributed under the terms of the GNU Public
* License.
* %End-Header%
*/
#include "config.h"
#ifndef __linux__
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(void) {
fputs("This program is only supported on Linux!\n", stderr);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
#else
#ifndef _LARGEFILE_SOURCE
#define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE
#endif
#ifndef _LARGEFILE64_SOURCE
#define _LARGEFILE64_SOURCE
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#ifdef HAVE_GETOPT_H
#include <getopt.h>
#else
extern char *optarg;
extern int optind;
#endif
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/vfs.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/fd.h>
#include <ext2fs/ext2fs.h>
#include <ext2fs/ext2_types.h>
#include <ext2fs/fiemap.h>
int verbose = 0;
int blocksize; /* Use specified blocksize (default 1kB) */
int sync_file = 0; /* fsync file before getting the mapping */
int xattr_map = 0; /* get xattr mapping */
int force_bmap; /* force use of FIBMAP instead of FIEMAP */
int force_extent; /* print output in extent format always */
int logical_width = 8;
int physical_width = 10;
const char *ext_fmt = "%4d: %*llu..%*llu: %*llu..%*llu: %6llu: %s\n";
const char *hex_fmt = "%4d: %*llx..%*llx: %*llx..%*llx: %6llx: %s\n";
#define FILEFRAG_FIEMAP_FLAGS_COMPAT (FIEMAP_FLAG_SYNC | FIEMAP_FLAG_XATTR)
#define FIBMAP _IO(0x00, 1) /* bmap access */
#define FIGETBSZ _IO(0x00, 2) /* get the block size used for bmap */
#define LUSTRE_SUPER_MAGIC 0x0BD00BD0
#define EXT4_EXTENTS_FL 0x00080000 /* Inode uses extents */
#define EXT3_IOC_GETFLAGS _IOR('f', 1, long)
static int int_log2(int arg)
{
int l = 0;
arg >>= 1;
while (arg) {
l++;
arg >>= 1;
}
return l;
}
static int int_log10(unsigned long long arg)
{
int l = 0;
arg = arg / 10;
while (arg) {
l++;
arg = arg / 10;
}
return l;
}
static unsigned int div_ceil(unsigned int a, unsigned int b)
{
if (!a)
return 0;
return ((a - 1) / b) + 1;
}
static int get_bmap(int fd, unsigned long block, unsigned long *phy_blk)
{
int ret;
unsigned int b;
b = block;
ret = ioctl(fd, FIBMAP, &b); /* FIBMAP takes pointer to integer */
if (ret < 0)
return -errno;
*phy_blk = b;
return ret;
}
static void print_extent_header(void)
{
printf(" ext: %*s %*s length: %*s flags:\n",
logical_width * 2 + 3,
"logical_offset:",
physical_width * 2 + 3, "physical_offset:",
physical_width + 1,
"expected:");
}
static void print_flag(__u32 *flags, __u32 mask, char *buf, const char *name)
{
if ((*flags & mask) == 0)
return;
strcat(buf, name);
*flags &= ~mask;
}
static void print_extent_info(struct fiemap_extent *fm_extent, int cur_ex,
unsigned long long expected, int blk_shift,
ext2fs_struct_stat *st)
{
unsigned long long physical_blk;
unsigned long long logical_blk;
unsigned long long ext_len;
unsigned long long ext_blks;
__u32 fe_flags, mask;
char flags[256] = "";
/* For inline data all offsets should be in bytes, not blocks */
if (fm_extent->fe_flags & FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_INLINE)
blk_shift = 0;
ext_len = fm_extent->fe_length >> blk_shift;
ext_blks = (fm_extent->fe_length - 1) >> blk_shift;
logical_blk = fm_extent->fe_logical >> blk_shift;
if (fm_extent->fe_flags & FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNKNOWN) {
physical_blk = 0;
} else {
physical_blk = fm_extent->fe_physical >> blk_shift;
}
if (expected)
sprintf(flags, ext_fmt == hex_fmt ? "%*llx: " : "%*llu: ",
physical_width, expected >> blk_shift);
else
sprintf(flags, "%.*s ", physical_width, " ");
fe_flags = fm_extent->fe_flags;
print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST, flags, "last,");
print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNKNOWN, flags, "unknown_loc,");
print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_DELALLOC, flags, "delalloc,");
print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_ENCODED, flags, "encoded,");
print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_ENCRYPTED, flags,"encrypted,");
print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_NOT_ALIGNED, flags, "not_aligned,");
print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_INLINE, flags, "inline,");
print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_TAIL, flags, "tail_packed,");
print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNWRITTEN, flags, "unwritten,");
print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_MERGED, flags, "merged,");
print_flag(&fe_flags, FIEMAP_EXTENT_SHARED, flags, "shared,");
/* print any unknown flags as hex values */
for (mask = 1; fe_flags != 0 && mask != 0; mask <<= 1) {
char hex[6];
if ((fe_flags & mask) == 0)
continue;
sprintf(hex, "%#04x,", mask);
print_flag(&fe_flags, mask, flags, hex);
}
if (fm_extent->fe_logical + fm_extent->fe_length >=
(unsigned long long) st->st_size)
strcat(flags, "eof,");
/* Remove trailing comma, if any */
if (flags[0] != '\0')
flags[strnlen(flags, sizeof(flags)) - 1] = '\0';
printf(ext_fmt, cur_ex, logical_width, logical_blk,
logical_width, logical_blk + ext_blks,
physical_width, physical_blk,
physical_width, physical_blk + ext_blks,
ext_len, flags);
}
static int filefrag_fiemap(int fd, int blk_shift, int *num_extents,
ext2fs_struct_stat *st)
{
__u64 buf[2048]; /* __u64 for proper field alignment */
struct fiemap *fiemap = (struct fiemap *)buf;
struct fiemap_extent *fm_ext = &fiemap->fm_extents[0];
struct fiemap_extent fm_last = {0};
int count = (sizeof(buf) - sizeof(*fiemap)) /
sizeof(struct fiemap_extent);
unsigned long long expected = 0;
unsigned long long expected_dense = 0;
unsigned long flags = 0;
unsigned int i;
int fiemap_header_printed = 0;
int tot_extents = 0, n = 0;
int last = 0;
int rc;
memset(fiemap, 0, sizeof(struct fiemap));
if (sync_file)
flags |= FIEMAP_FLAG_SYNC;
if (xattr_map)
flags |= FIEMAP_FLAG_XATTR;
do {
fiemap->fm_length = ~0ULL;
fiemap->fm_flags = flags;
fiemap->fm_extent_count = count;
rc = ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_FIEMAP, (unsigned long) fiemap);
if (rc < 0) {
static int fiemap_incompat_printed;
rc = -errno;
if (rc == -EBADR && !fiemap_incompat_printed) {
fprintf(stderr, "FIEMAP failed with unknown "
"flags %x\n",
fiemap->fm_flags);
fiemap_incompat_printed = 1;
}
return rc;
}
/* If 0 extents are returned, then more ioctls are not needed */
if (fiemap->fm_mapped_extents == 0)
break;
if (verbose && !fiemap_header_printed) {
print_extent_header();
fiemap_header_printed = 1;
}
for (i = 0; i < fiemap->fm_mapped_extents; i++) {
expected_dense = fm_last.fe_physical +
fm_last.fe_length;
expected = fm_last.fe_physical +
fm_ext[i].fe_logical - fm_last.fe_logical;
if (fm_ext[i].fe_logical != 0 &&
fm_ext[i].fe_physical != expected &&
fm_ext[i].fe_physical != expected_dense) {
tot_extents++;
} else {
expected = 0;
if (!tot_extents)
tot_extents = 1;
}
if (verbose)
print_extent_info(&fm_ext[i], n, expected,
blk_shift, st);
if (fm_ext[i].fe_flags & FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST)
last = 1;
fm_last = fm_ext[i];
n++;
}
fiemap->fm_start = (fm_ext[i - 1].fe_logical +
fm_ext[i - 1].fe_length);
} while (last == 0);
*num_extents = tot_extents;
return 0;
}
#define EXT2_DIRECT 12
static int filefrag_fibmap(int fd, int blk_shift, int *num_extents,
ext2fs_struct_stat *st,
unsigned long numblocks, int is_ext2)
{
struct fiemap_extent fm_ext, fm_last;
unsigned long i, last_block;
unsigned long long logical, expected = 0;
/* Blocks per indirect block */
const long bpib = st->st_blksize / 4;
int count;
memset(&fm_ext, 0, sizeof(fm_ext));
memset(&fm_last, 0, sizeof(fm_last));
if (force_extent) {
fm_ext.fe_flags = FIEMAP_EXTENT_MERGED;
}
if (sync_file)
fsync(fd);
for (i = 0, logical = 0, *num_extents = 0, count = last_block = 0;
i < numblocks;
i++, logical += st->st_blksize) {
unsigned long block = 0;
int rc;
if (is_ext2 && last_block) {
if (((i - EXT2_DIRECT) % bpib) == 0)
last_block++;
if (((i - EXT2_DIRECT - bpib) % (bpib * bpib)) == 0)
last_block++;
if (((i - EXT2_DIRECT - bpib - bpib * bpib) %
(((unsigned long long)bpib) * bpib * bpib)) == 0)
last_block++;
}
rc = get_bmap(fd, i, &block);
if (rc < 0)
return rc;
if (block == 0)
continue;
if (*num_extents == 0 || block != last_block + 1 ||
fm_ext.fe_logical + fm_ext.fe_length != logical) {
/*
* This is the start of a new extent; figure out where
* we expected it to be and report the extent.
*/
if (*num_extents != 0 && fm_last.fe_length) {
expected = fm_last.fe_physical +
(fm_ext.fe_logical - fm_last.fe_logical);
if (expected == fm_ext.fe_physical)
expected = 0;
}
if (force_extent && *num_extents == 0)
print_extent_header();
if (force_extent && *num_extents != 0) {
print_extent_info(&fm_ext, *num_extents - 1,
expected, blk_shift, st);
}
if (verbose && expected != 0) {
printf("Discontinuity: Block %llu is at %llu "
"(was %llu)\n",
fm_ext.fe_logical / st->st_blksize,
fm_ext.fe_physical / st->st_blksize,
expected / st->st_blksize);
}
/* create the new extent */
fm_last = fm_ext;
(*num_extents)++;
fm_ext.fe_physical = block * st->st_blksize;
fm_ext.fe_logical = logical;
fm_ext.fe_length = 0;
}
fm_ext.fe_length += st->st_blksize;
last_block = block;
}
if (force_extent && *num_extents != 0) {
if (fm_last.fe_length) {
expected = fm_last.fe_physical +
(fm_ext.fe_logical - fm_last.fe_logical);
if (expected == fm_ext.fe_physical)
expected = 0;
}
print_extent_info(&fm_ext, *num_extents - 1, expected,
blk_shift, st);
}
return count;
}
static int frag_report(const char *filename)
{
static struct statfs fsinfo;
static unsigned int blksize;
ext2fs_struct_stat st;
int blk_shift;
long fd;
unsigned long long numblocks;
int data_blocks_per_cyl = 1;
int num_extents = 1, expected = ~0;
int is_ext2 = 0;
static dev_t last_device;
int width;
int rc = 0;
#if defined(HAVE_OPEN64) && !defined(__OSX_AVAILABLE_BUT_DEPRECATED)
fd = open64(filename, O_RDONLY);
#else
fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
#endif
if (fd < 0) {
rc = -errno;
perror("open");
return rc;
}
#if defined(HAVE_FSTAT64) && !defined(__OSX_AVAILABLE_BUT_DEPRECATED)
if (fstat64(fd, &st) < 0) {
#else
if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0) {
#endif
rc = -errno;
perror("stat");
goto out_close;
}
if (last_device != st.st_dev) {
if (fstatfs(fd, &fsinfo) < 0) {
rc = -errno;
perror("fstatfs");
goto out_close;
}
if (ioctl(fd, FIGETBSZ, &blksize) < 0)
blksize = fsinfo.f_bsize;
if (verbose)
printf("Filesystem type is: %lx\n",
(unsigned long)fsinfo.f_type);
}
st.st_blksize = blksize;
if (fsinfo.f_type == 0xef51 || fsinfo.f_type == 0xef52 ||
fsinfo.f_type == 0xef53) {
unsigned int flags;
if (ioctl(fd, EXT3_IOC_GETFLAGS, &flags) == 0 &&
!(flags & EXT4_EXTENTS_FL))
is_ext2 = 1;
}
if (is_ext2) {
long cylgroups = div_ceil(fsinfo.f_blocks, blksize * 8);
if (verbose && last_device != st.st_dev)
printf("Filesystem cylinder groups approximately %ld\n",
cylgroups);
data_blocks_per_cyl = blksize * 8 -
(fsinfo.f_files / 8 / cylgroups) - 3;
}
last_device = st.st_dev;
width = int_log10(fsinfo.f_blocks);
if (width > physical_width)
physical_width = width;
numblocks = (st.st_size + blksize - 1) / blksize;
if (blocksize != 0)
blk_shift = int_log2(blocksize);
else
blk_shift = int_log2(blksize);
width = int_log10(numblocks);
if (width > logical_width)
logical_width = width;
if (verbose)
printf("File size of %s is %llu (%llu block%s of %d bytes)\n",
filename, (unsigned long long)st.st_size,
numblocks * blksize >> blk_shift,
numblocks == 1 ? "" : "s", 1 << blk_shift);
if (!force_bmap) {
rc = filefrag_fiemap(fd, blk_shift, &num_extents, &st);
expected = 0;
}
if (force_bmap || rc < 0) { /* FIEMAP failed, try FIBMAP instead */
expected = filefrag_fibmap(fd, blk_shift, &num_extents,
&st, numblocks, is_ext2);
if (expected < 0) {
if (expected == -EINVAL || expected == -ENOTTY) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: FIBMAP unsupported\n",
filename);
} else if (expected == -EPERM) {
fprintf(stderr,
"%s: FIBMAP requires root privileges\n",
filename);
} else {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: FIBMAP error: %s",
filename, strerror(expected));
}
rc = expected;
goto out_close;
} else {
rc = 0;
}
expected = expected / data_blocks_per_cyl + 1;
}
if (num_extents == 1)
printf("%s: 1 extent found", filename);
else
printf("%s: %d extents found", filename, num_extents);
/* count, and thus expected, only set for indirect FIBMAP'd files */
if (is_ext2 && expected && expected < num_extents)
printf(", perfection would be %d extent%s\n", expected,
(expected > 1) ? "s" : "");
else
fputc('\n', stdout);
out_close:
close(fd);
return rc;
}
static void usage(const char *progname)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [-b{blocksize}] [-BeksvxX] file ...\n",
progname);
exit(1);
}
int main(int argc, char**argv)
{
char **cpp;
int rc = 0, c;
while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "Bb::eksvxX")) != EOF) {
switch (c) {
case 'B':
force_bmap++;
break;
case 'b':
if (optarg) {
char *end;
blocksize = strtoul(optarg, &end, 0);
if (end) {
switch (end[0]) {
case 'g':
case 'G':
blocksize *= 1024;
/* no break */
case 'm':
case 'M':
blocksize *= 1024;
/* no break */
case 'k':
case 'K':
blocksize *= 1024;
break;
default:
break;
}
}
} else { /* Allow -b without argument for compat. Remove
* this eventually so "-b {blocksize}" works */
fprintf(stderr, "%s: -b needs a blocksize "
"option, assuming 1024-byte blocks.\n",
argv[0]);
blocksize = 1024;
}
break;
case 'e':
force_extent++;
if (!verbose)
verbose++;
break;
case 'k':
blocksize = 1024;
break;
case 's':
sync_file++;
break;
case 'v':
verbose++;
break;
case 'x':
xattr_map++;
break;
case 'X':
ext_fmt = hex_fmt;
break;
default:
usage(argv[0]);
break;
}
}
if (optind == argc)
usage(argv[0]);
for (cpp = argv + optind; *cpp != '\0'; cpp++) {
int rc2 = frag_report(*cpp);
if (rc2 < 0 && rc == 0)
rc = rc2;
}
return -rc;
}
#endif