/* * Code for replacing ftrace calls with jumps. * * Copyright (C) 2007-2008 Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com> * Copyright (C) 2009, 2010 DSLab, Lanzhou University, China * Author: Wu Zhangjin <wuzhangjin@gmail.com> * * Thanks goes to Steven Rostedt for writing the original x86 version. */ #include <linux/uaccess.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/ftrace.h> #include <asm/asm.h> #include <asm/asm-offsets.h> #include <asm/cacheflush.h> #include <asm/uasm.h> #include <asm-generic/sections.h> #if defined(KBUILD_MCOUNT_RA_ADDRESS) && defined(CONFIG_32BIT) #define MCOUNT_OFFSET_INSNS 5 #else #define MCOUNT_OFFSET_INSNS 4 #endif #ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE /* Arch override because MIPS doesn't need to run this from stop_machine() */ void arch_ftrace_update_code(int command) { ftrace_modify_all_code(command); } #endif /* * Check if the address is in kernel space * * Clone core_kernel_text() from kernel/extable.c, but doesn't call * init_kernel_text() for Ftrace doesn't trace functions in init sections. */ static inline int in_kernel_space(unsigned long ip) { if (ip >= (unsigned long)_stext && ip <= (unsigned long)_etext) return 1; return 0; } #ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE #define JAL 0x0c000000 /* jump & link: ip --> ra, jump to target */ #define ADDR_MASK 0x03ffffff /* op_code|addr : 31...26|25 ....0 */ #define JUMP_RANGE_MASK ((1UL << 28) - 1) #define INSN_NOP 0x00000000 /* nop */ #define INSN_JAL(addr) \ ((unsigned int)(JAL | (((addr) >> 2) & ADDR_MASK))) static unsigned int insn_jal_ftrace_caller __read_mostly; static unsigned int insn_lui_v1_hi16_mcount __read_mostly; static unsigned int insn_j_ftrace_graph_caller __maybe_unused __read_mostly; static inline void ftrace_dyn_arch_init_insns(void) { u32 *buf; unsigned int v1; /* lui v1, hi16_mcount */ v1 = 3; buf = (u32 *)&insn_lui_v1_hi16_mcount; UASM_i_LA_mostly(&buf, v1, MCOUNT_ADDR); /* jal (ftrace_caller + 8), jump over the first two instruction */ buf = (u32 *)&insn_jal_ftrace_caller; uasm_i_jal(&buf, (FTRACE_ADDR + 8) & JUMP_RANGE_MASK); #ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER /* j ftrace_graph_caller */ buf = (u32 *)&insn_j_ftrace_graph_caller; uasm_i_j(&buf, (unsigned long)ftrace_graph_caller & JUMP_RANGE_MASK); #endif } static int ftrace_modify_code(unsigned long ip, unsigned int new_code) { int faulted; /* *(unsigned int *)ip = new_code; */ safe_store_code(new_code, ip, faulted); if (unlikely(faulted)) return -EFAULT; flush_icache_range(ip, ip + 8); return 0; } #ifndef CONFIG_64BIT static int ftrace_modify_code_2(unsigned long ip, unsigned int new_code1, unsigned int new_code2) { int faulted; safe_store_code(new_code1, ip, faulted); if (unlikely(faulted)) return -EFAULT; ip += 4; safe_store_code(new_code2, ip, faulted); if (unlikely(faulted)) return -EFAULT; flush_icache_range(ip, ip + 8); /* original ip + 12 */ return 0; } #endif /* * The details about the calling site of mcount on MIPS * * 1. For kernel: * * move at, ra * jal _mcount --> nop * * 2. For modules: * * 2.1 For KBUILD_MCOUNT_RA_ADDRESS and CONFIG_32BIT * * lui v1, hi_16bit_of_mcount --> b 1f (0x10000005) * addiu v1, v1, low_16bit_of_mcount * move at, ra * move $12, ra_address * jalr v1 * sub sp, sp, 8 * 1: offset = 5 instructions * 2.2 For the Other situations * * lui v1, hi_16bit_of_mcount --> b 1f (0x10000004) * addiu v1, v1, low_16bit_of_mcount * move at, ra * jalr v1 * nop | move $12, ra_address | sub sp, sp, 8 * 1: offset = 4 instructions */ #define INSN_B_1F (0x10000000 | MCOUNT_OFFSET_INSNS) int ftrace_make_nop(struct module *mod, struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long addr) { unsigned int new; unsigned long ip = rec->ip; /* * If ip is in kernel space, no long call, otherwise, long call is * needed. */ new = in_kernel_space(ip) ? INSN_NOP : INSN_B_1F; #ifdef CONFIG_64BIT return ftrace_modify_code(ip, new); #else /* * On 32 bit MIPS platforms, gcc adds a stack adjust * instruction in the delay slot after the branch to * mcount and expects mcount to restore the sp on return. * This is based on a legacy API and does nothing but * waste instructions so it's being removed at runtime. */ return ftrace_modify_code_2(ip, new, INSN_NOP); #endif } int ftrace_make_call(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long addr) { unsigned int new; unsigned long ip = rec->ip; new = in_kernel_space(ip) ? insn_jal_ftrace_caller : insn_lui_v1_hi16_mcount; return ftrace_modify_code(ip, new); } #define FTRACE_CALL_IP ((unsigned long)(&ftrace_call)) int ftrace_update_ftrace_func(ftrace_func_t func) { unsigned int new; new = INSN_JAL((unsigned long)func); return ftrace_modify_code(FTRACE_CALL_IP, new); } int __init ftrace_dyn_arch_init(void *data) { /* Encode the instructions when booting */ ftrace_dyn_arch_init_insns(); /* Remove "b ftrace_stub" to ensure ftrace_caller() is executed */ ftrace_modify_code(MCOUNT_ADDR, INSN_NOP); /* The return code is retured via data */ *(unsigned long *)data = 0; return 0; } #endif /* CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE */ #ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER #ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE extern void ftrace_graph_call(void); #define FTRACE_GRAPH_CALL_IP ((unsigned long)(&ftrace_graph_call)) int ftrace_enable_ftrace_graph_caller(void) { return ftrace_modify_code(FTRACE_GRAPH_CALL_IP, insn_j_ftrace_graph_caller); } int ftrace_disable_ftrace_graph_caller(void) { return ftrace_modify_code(FTRACE_GRAPH_CALL_IP, INSN_NOP); } #endif /* CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE */ #ifndef KBUILD_MCOUNT_RA_ADDRESS #define S_RA_SP (0xafbf << 16) /* s{d,w} ra, offset(sp) */ #define S_R_SP (0xafb0 << 16) /* s{d,w} R, offset(sp) */ #define OFFSET_MASK 0xffff /* stack offset range: 0 ~ PT_SIZE */ unsigned long ftrace_get_parent_ra_addr(unsigned long self_ra, unsigned long old_parent_ra, unsigned long parent_ra_addr, unsigned long fp) { unsigned long sp, ip, tmp; unsigned int code; int faulted; /* * For module, move the ip from the return address after the * instruction "lui v1, hi_16bit_of_mcount"(offset is 24), but for * kernel, move after the instruction "move ra, at"(offset is 16) */ ip = self_ra - (in_kernel_space(self_ra) ? 16 : 24); /* * search the text until finding the non-store instruction or "s{d,w} * ra, offset(sp)" instruction */ do { /* get the code at "ip": code = *(unsigned int *)ip; */ safe_load_code(code, ip, faulted); if (unlikely(faulted)) return 0; /* * If we hit the non-store instruction before finding where the * ra is stored, then this is a leaf function and it does not * store the ra on the stack */ if ((code & S_R_SP) != S_R_SP) return parent_ra_addr; /* Move to the next instruction */ ip -= 4; } while ((code & S_RA_SP) != S_RA_SP); sp = fp + (code & OFFSET_MASK); /* tmp = *(unsigned long *)sp; */ safe_load_stack(tmp, sp, faulted); if (unlikely(faulted)) return 0; if (tmp == old_parent_ra) return sp; return 0; } #endif /* !KBUILD_MCOUNT_RA_ADDRESS */ /* * Hook the return address and push it in the stack of return addrs * in current thread info. */ void prepare_ftrace_return(unsigned long *parent_ra_addr, unsigned long self_ra, unsigned long fp) { unsigned long old_parent_ra; struct ftrace_graph_ent trace; unsigned long return_hooker = (unsigned long) &return_to_handler; int faulted, insns; if (unlikely(atomic_read(¤t->tracing_graph_pause))) return; /* * "parent_ra_addr" is the stack address saved the return address of * the caller of _mcount. * * if the gcc < 4.5, a leaf function does not save the return address * in the stack address, so, we "emulate" one in _mcount's stack space, * and hijack it directly, but for a non-leaf function, it save the * return address to the its own stack space, we can not hijack it * directly, but need to find the real stack address, * ftrace_get_parent_addr() does it! * * if gcc>= 4.5, with the new -mmcount-ra-address option, for a * non-leaf function, the location of the return address will be saved * to $12 for us, and for a leaf function, only put a zero into $12. we * do it in ftrace_graph_caller of mcount.S. */ /* old_parent_ra = *parent_ra_addr; */ safe_load_stack(old_parent_ra, parent_ra_addr, faulted); if (unlikely(faulted)) goto out; #ifndef KBUILD_MCOUNT_RA_ADDRESS parent_ra_addr = (unsigned long *)ftrace_get_parent_ra_addr(self_ra, old_parent_ra, (unsigned long)parent_ra_addr, fp); /* * If fails when getting the stack address of the non-leaf function's * ra, stop function graph tracer and return */ if (parent_ra_addr == 0) goto out; #endif /* *parent_ra_addr = return_hooker; */ safe_store_stack(return_hooker, parent_ra_addr, faulted); if (unlikely(faulted)) goto out; if (ftrace_push_return_trace(old_parent_ra, self_ra, &trace.depth, fp) == -EBUSY) { *parent_ra_addr = old_parent_ra; return; } /* * Get the recorded ip of the current mcount calling site in the * __mcount_loc section, which will be used to filter the function * entries configured through the tracing/set_graph_function interface. */ insns = in_kernel_space(self_ra) ? 2 : MCOUNT_OFFSET_INSNS + 1; trace.func = self_ra - (MCOUNT_INSN_SIZE * insns); /* Only trace if the calling function expects to */ if (!ftrace_graph_entry(&trace)) { current->curr_ret_stack--; *parent_ra_addr = old_parent_ra; } return; out: ftrace_graph_stop(); WARN_ON(1); } #endif /* CONFIG_FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER */