/* * linux/fs/file.c * * Copyright (C) 1998-1999, Stephen Tweedie and Bill Hawes * * Manage the dynamic fd arrays in the process files_struct. */ #include <linux/syscalls.h> #include <linux/export.h> #include <linux/fs.h> #include <linux/mm.h> #include <linux/mmzone.h> #include <linux/time.h> #include <linux/sched.h> #include <linux/slab.h> #include <linux/vmalloc.h> #include <linux/file.h> #include <linux/fdtable.h> #include <linux/bitops.h> #include <linux/interrupt.h> #include <linux/spinlock.h> #include <linux/rcupdate.h> #include <linux/workqueue.h> int sysctl_nr_open __read_mostly = 1024*1024; int sysctl_nr_open_min = BITS_PER_LONG; int sysctl_nr_open_max = 1024 * 1024; /* raised later */ static void *alloc_fdmem(size_t size) { /* * Very large allocations can stress page reclaim, so fall back to * vmalloc() if the allocation size will be considered "large" by the VM. */ if (size <= (PAGE_SIZE << PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER)) { void *data = kmalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_NOWARN|__GFP_NORETRY); if (data != NULL) return data; } return vmalloc(size); } static void free_fdmem(void *ptr) { is_vmalloc_addr(ptr) ? vfree(ptr) : kfree(ptr); } static void __free_fdtable(struct fdtable *fdt) { free_fdmem(fdt->fd); free_fdmem(fdt->open_fds); kfree(fdt); } static void free_fdtable_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu) { __free_fdtable(container_of(rcu, struct fdtable, rcu)); } /* * Expand the fdset in the files_struct. Called with the files spinlock * held for write. */ static void copy_fdtable(struct fdtable *nfdt, struct fdtable *ofdt) { unsigned int cpy, set; BUG_ON(nfdt->max_fds < ofdt->max_fds); cpy = ofdt->max_fds * sizeof(struct file *); set = (nfdt->max_fds - ofdt->max_fds) * sizeof(struct file *); memcpy(nfdt->fd, ofdt->fd, cpy); memset((char *)(nfdt->fd) + cpy, 0, set); cpy = ofdt->max_fds / BITS_PER_BYTE; set = (nfdt->max_fds - ofdt->max_fds) / BITS_PER_BYTE; memcpy(nfdt->open_fds, ofdt->open_fds, cpy); memset((char *)(nfdt->open_fds) + cpy, 0, set); memcpy(nfdt->close_on_exec, ofdt->close_on_exec, cpy); memset((char *)(nfdt->close_on_exec) + cpy, 0, set); } static struct fdtable * alloc_fdtable(unsigned int nr) { struct fdtable *fdt; void *data; /* * Figure out how many fds we actually want to support in this fdtable. * Allocation steps are keyed to the size of the fdarray, since it * grows far faster than any of the other dynamic data. We try to fit * the fdarray into comfortable page-tuned chunks: starting at 1024B * and growing in powers of two from there on. */ nr /= (1024 / sizeof(struct file *)); nr = roundup_pow_of_two(nr + 1); nr *= (1024 / sizeof(struct file *)); /* * Note that this can drive nr *below* what we had passed if sysctl_nr_open * had been set lower between the check in expand_files() and here. Deal * with that in caller, it's cheaper that way. * * We make sure that nr remains a multiple of BITS_PER_LONG - otherwise * bitmaps handling below becomes unpleasant, to put it mildly... */ if (unlikely(nr > sysctl_nr_open)) nr = ((sysctl_nr_open - 1) | (BITS_PER_LONG - 1)) + 1; fdt = kmalloc(sizeof(struct fdtable), GFP_KERNEL); if (!fdt) goto out; fdt->max_fds = nr; data = alloc_fdmem(nr * sizeof(struct file *)); if (!data) goto out_fdt; fdt->fd = data; data = alloc_fdmem(max_t(size_t, 2 * nr / BITS_PER_BYTE, L1_CACHE_BYTES)); if (!data) goto out_arr; fdt->open_fds = data; data += nr / BITS_PER_BYTE; fdt->close_on_exec = data; return fdt; out_arr: free_fdmem(fdt->fd); out_fdt: kfree(fdt); out: return NULL; } /* * Expand the file descriptor table. * This function will allocate a new fdtable and both fd array and fdset, of * the given size. * Return <0 error code on error; 1 on successful completion. * The files->file_lock should be held on entry, and will be held on exit. */ static int expand_fdtable(struct files_struct *files, int nr) __releases(files->file_lock) __acquires(files->file_lock) { struct fdtable *new_fdt, *cur_fdt; spin_unlock(&files->file_lock); new_fdt = alloc_fdtable(nr); spin_lock(&files->file_lock); if (!new_fdt) return -ENOMEM; /* * extremely unlikely race - sysctl_nr_open decreased between the check in * caller and alloc_fdtable(). Cheaper to catch it here... */ if (unlikely(new_fdt->max_fds <= nr)) { __free_fdtable(new_fdt); return -EMFILE; } /* * Check again since another task may have expanded the fd table while * we dropped the lock */ cur_fdt = files_fdtable(files); if (nr >= cur_fdt->max_fds) { /* Continue as planned */ copy_fdtable(new_fdt, cur_fdt); rcu_assign_pointer(files->fdt, new_fdt); if (cur_fdt != &files->fdtab) call_rcu(&cur_fdt->rcu, free_fdtable_rcu); } else { /* Somebody else expanded, so undo our attempt */ __free_fdtable(new_fdt); } return 1; } /* * Expand files. * This function will expand the file structures, if the requested size exceeds * the current capacity and there is room for expansion. * Return <0 error code on error; 0 when nothing done; 1 when files were * expanded and execution may have blocked. * The files->file_lock should be held on entry, and will be held on exit. */ static int expand_files(struct files_struct *files, int nr) { struct fdtable *fdt; fdt = files_fdtable(files); /* Do we need to expand? */ if (nr < fdt->max_fds) return 0; /* Can we expand? */ if (nr >= sysctl_nr_open) return -EMFILE; /* All good, so we try */ return expand_fdtable(files, nr); } static inline void __set_close_on_exec(int fd, struct fdtable *fdt) { __set_bit(fd, fdt->close_on_exec); } static inline void __clear_close_on_exec(int fd, struct fdtable *fdt) { __clear_bit(fd, fdt->close_on_exec); } static inline void __set_open_fd(int fd, struct fdtable *fdt) { __set_bit(fd, fdt->open_fds); } static inline void __clear_open_fd(int fd, struct fdtable *fdt) { __clear_bit(fd, fdt->open_fds); } static int count_open_files(struct fdtable *fdt) { int size = fdt->max_fds; int i; /* Find the last open fd */ for (i = size / BITS_PER_LONG; i > 0; ) { if (fdt->open_fds[--i]) break; } i = (i + 1) * BITS_PER_LONG; return i; } /* * Allocate a new files structure and copy contents from the * passed in files structure. * errorp will be valid only when the returned files_struct is NULL. */ struct files_struct *dup_fd(struct files_struct *oldf, int *errorp) { struct files_struct *newf; struct file **old_fds, **new_fds; int open_files, size, i; struct fdtable *old_fdt, *new_fdt; *errorp = -ENOMEM; newf = kmem_cache_alloc(files_cachep, GFP_KERNEL); if (!newf) goto out; atomic_set(&newf->count, 1); spin_lock_init(&newf->file_lock); newf->next_fd = 0; new_fdt = &newf->fdtab; new_fdt->max_fds = NR_OPEN_DEFAULT; new_fdt->close_on_exec = newf->close_on_exec_init; new_fdt->open_fds = newf->open_fds_init; new_fdt->fd = &newf->fd_array[0]; spin_lock(&oldf->file_lock); old_fdt = files_fdtable(oldf); open_files = count_open_files(old_fdt); /* * Check whether we need to allocate a larger fd array and fd set. */ while (unlikely(open_files > new_fdt->max_fds)) { spin_unlock(&oldf->file_lock); if (new_fdt != &newf->fdtab) __free_fdtable(new_fdt); new_fdt = alloc_fdtable(open_files - 1); if (!new_fdt) { *errorp = -ENOMEM; goto out_release; } /* beyond sysctl_nr_open; nothing to do */ if (unlikely(new_fdt->max_fds < open_files)) { __free_fdtable(new_fdt); *errorp = -EMFILE; goto out_release; } /* * Reacquire the oldf lock and a pointer to its fd table * who knows it may have a new bigger fd table. We need * the latest pointer. */ spin_lock(&oldf->file_lock); old_fdt = files_fdtable(oldf); open_files = count_open_files(old_fdt); } old_fds = old_fdt->fd; new_fds = new_fdt->fd; memcpy(new_fdt->open_fds, old_fdt->open_fds, open_files / 8); memcpy(new_fdt->close_on_exec, old_fdt->close_on_exec, open_files / 8); for (i = open_files; i != 0; i--) { struct file *f = *old_fds++; if (f) { get_file(f); } else { /* * The fd may be claimed in the fd bitmap but not yet * instantiated in the files array if a sibling thread * is partway through open(). So make sure that this * fd is available to the new process. */ __clear_open_fd(open_files - i, new_fdt); } rcu_assign_pointer(*new_fds++, f); } spin_unlock(&oldf->file_lock); /* compute the remainder to be cleared */ size = (new_fdt->max_fds - open_files) * sizeof(struct file *); /* This is long word aligned thus could use a optimized version */ memset(new_fds, 0, size); if (new_fdt->max_fds > open_files) { int left = (new_fdt->max_fds - open_files) / 8; int start = open_files / BITS_PER_LONG; memset(&new_fdt->open_fds[start], 0, left); memset(&new_fdt->close_on_exec[start], 0, left); } rcu_assign_pointer(newf->fdt, new_fdt); return newf; out_release: kmem_cache_free(files_cachep, newf); out: return NULL; } static struct fdtable *close_files(struct files_struct * files) { /* * It is safe to dereference the fd table without RCU or * ->file_lock because this is the last reference to the * files structure. */ struct fdtable *fdt = rcu_dereference_raw(files->fdt); int i, j = 0; for (;;) { unsigned long set; i = j * BITS_PER_LONG; if (i >= fdt->max_fds) break; set = fdt->open_fds[j++]; while (set) { if (set & 1) { struct file * file = xchg(&fdt->fd[i], NULL); if (file) { filp_close(file, files); cond_resched(); } } i++; set >>= 1; } } return fdt; } struct files_struct *get_files_struct(struct task_struct *task) { struct files_struct *files; task_lock(task); files = task->files; if (files) atomic_inc(&files->count); task_unlock(task); return files; } void put_files_struct(struct files_struct *files) { if (atomic_dec_and_test(&files->count)) { struct fdtable *fdt = close_files(files); /* free the arrays if they are not embedded */ if (fdt != &files->fdtab) __free_fdtable(fdt); kmem_cache_free(files_cachep, files); } } void reset_files_struct(struct files_struct *files) { struct task_struct *tsk = current; struct files_struct *old; old = tsk->files; task_lock(tsk); tsk->files = files; task_unlock(tsk); put_files_struct(old); } void exit_files(struct task_struct *tsk) { struct files_struct * files = tsk->files; if (files) { task_lock(tsk); tsk->files = NULL; task_unlock(tsk); put_files_struct(files); } } void __init files_defer_init(void) { sysctl_nr_open_max = min((size_t)INT_MAX, ~(size_t)0/sizeof(void *)) & -BITS_PER_LONG; } struct files_struct init_files = { .count = ATOMIC_INIT(1), .fdt = &init_files.fdtab, .fdtab = { .max_fds = NR_OPEN_DEFAULT, .fd = &init_files.fd_array[0], .close_on_exec = init_files.close_on_exec_init, .open_fds = init_files.open_fds_init, }, .file_lock = __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(init_files.file_lock), }; /* * allocate a file descriptor, mark it busy. */ int __alloc_fd(struct files_struct *files, unsigned start, unsigned end, unsigned flags) { unsigned int fd; int error; struct fdtable *fdt; spin_lock(&files->file_lock); repeat: fdt = files_fdtable(files); fd = start; if (fd < files->next_fd) fd = files->next_fd; if (fd < fdt->max_fds) fd = find_next_zero_bit(fdt->open_fds, fdt->max_fds, fd); /* * N.B. For clone tasks sharing a files structure, this test * will limit the total number of files that can be opened. */ error = -EMFILE; if (fd >= end) goto out; error = expand_files(files, fd); if (error < 0) goto out; /* * If we needed to expand the fs array we * might have blocked - try again. */ if (error) goto repeat; if (start <= files->next_fd) files->next_fd = fd + 1; __set_open_fd(fd, fdt); if (flags & O_CLOEXEC) __set_close_on_exec(fd, fdt); else __clear_close_on_exec(fd, fdt); error = fd; #if 1 /* Sanity check */ if (rcu_dereference_raw(fdt->fd[fd]) != NULL) { printk(KERN_WARNING "alloc_fd: slot %d not NULL!\n", fd); rcu_assign_pointer(fdt->fd[fd], NULL); } #endif out: spin_unlock(&files->file_lock); return error; } static int alloc_fd(unsigned start, unsigned flags) { return __alloc_fd(current->files, start, rlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE), flags); } int get_unused_fd_flags(unsigned flags) { return __alloc_fd(current->files, 0, rlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE), flags); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(get_unused_fd_flags); static void __put_unused_fd(struct files_struct *files, unsigned int fd) { struct fdtable *fdt = files_fdtable(files); __clear_open_fd(fd, fdt); if (fd < files->next_fd) files->next_fd = fd; } void put_unused_fd(unsigned int fd) { struct files_struct *files = current->files; spin_lock(&files->file_lock); __put_unused_fd(files, fd); spin_unlock(&files->file_lock); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(put_unused_fd); /* * Install a file pointer in the fd array. * * The VFS is full of places where we drop the files lock between * setting the open_fds bitmap and installing the file in the file * array. At any such point, we are vulnerable to a dup2() race * installing a file in the array before us. We need to detect this and * fput() the struct file we are about to overwrite in this case. * * It should never happen - if we allow dup2() do it, _really_ bad things * will follow. * * NOTE: __fd_install() variant is really, really low-level; don't * use it unless you are forced to by truly lousy API shoved down * your throat. 'files' *MUST* be either current->files or obtained * by get_files_struct(current) done by whoever had given it to you, * or really bad things will happen. Normally you want to use * fd_install() instead. */ void __fd_install(struct files_struct *files, unsigned int fd, struct file *file) { struct fdtable *fdt; spin_lock(&files->file_lock); fdt = files_fdtable(files); BUG_ON(fdt->fd[fd] != NULL); rcu_assign_pointer(fdt->fd[fd], file); spin_unlock(&files->file_lock); } void fd_install(unsigned int fd, struct file *file) { __fd_install(current->files, fd, file); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(fd_install); /* * The same warnings as for __alloc_fd()/__fd_install() apply here... */ int __close_fd(struct files_struct *files, unsigned fd) { struct file *file; struct fdtable *fdt; spin_lock(&files->file_lock); fdt = files_fdtable(files); if (fd >= fdt->max_fds) goto out_unlock; file = fdt->fd[fd]; if (!file) goto out_unlock; rcu_assign_pointer(fdt->fd[fd], NULL); __clear_close_on_exec(fd, fdt); __put_unused_fd(files, fd); spin_unlock(&files->file_lock); return filp_close(file, files); out_unlock: spin_unlock(&files->file_lock); return -EBADF; } void do_close_on_exec(struct files_struct *files) { unsigned i; struct fdtable *fdt; /* exec unshares first */ spin_lock(&files->file_lock); for (i = 0; ; i++) { unsigned long set; unsigned fd = i * BITS_PER_LONG; fdt = files_fdtable(files); if (fd >= fdt->max_fds) break; set = fdt->close_on_exec[i]; if (!set) continue; fdt->close_on_exec[i] = 0; for ( ; set ; fd++, set >>= 1) { struct file *file; if (!(set & 1)) continue; file = fdt->fd[fd]; if (!file) continue; rcu_assign_pointer(fdt->fd[fd], NULL); __put_unused_fd(files, fd); spin_unlock(&files->file_lock); filp_close(file, files); cond_resched(); spin_lock(&files->file_lock); } } spin_unlock(&files->file_lock); } static struct file *__fget(unsigned int fd, fmode_t mask) { struct files_struct *files = current->files; struct file *file; rcu_read_lock(); file = fcheck_files(files, fd); if (file) { /* File object ref couldn't be taken */ if ((file->f_mode & mask) || !atomic_long_inc_not_zero(&file->f_count)) file = NULL; } rcu_read_unlock(); return file; } struct file *fget(unsigned int fd) { return __fget(fd, FMODE_PATH); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(fget); struct file *fget_raw(unsigned int fd) { return __fget(fd, 0); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(fget_raw); /* * Lightweight file lookup - no refcnt increment if fd table isn't shared. * * You can use this instead of fget if you satisfy all of the following * conditions: * 1) You must call fput_light before exiting the syscall and returning control * to userspace (i.e. you cannot remember the returned struct file * after * returning to userspace). * 2) You must not call filp_close on the returned struct file * in between * calls to fget_light and fput_light. * 3) You must not clone the current task in between the calls to fget_light * and fput_light. * * The fput_needed flag returned by fget_light should be passed to the * corresponding fput_light. */ static unsigned long __fget_light(unsigned int fd, fmode_t mask) { struct files_struct *files = current->files; struct file *file; if (atomic_read(&files->count) == 1) { file = __fcheck_files(files, fd); if (!file || unlikely(file->f_mode & mask)) return 0; return (unsigned long)file; } else { file = __fget(fd, mask); if (!file) return 0; return FDPUT_FPUT | (unsigned long)file; } } unsigned long __fdget(unsigned int fd) { return __fget_light(fd, FMODE_PATH); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(__fdget); unsigned long __fdget_raw(unsigned int fd) { return __fget_light(fd, 0); } unsigned long __fdget_pos(unsigned int fd) { unsigned long v = __fdget(fd); struct file *file = (struct file *)(v & ~3); if (file && (file->f_mode & FMODE_ATOMIC_POS)) { if (file_count(file) > 1) { v |= FDPUT_POS_UNLOCK; mutex_lock(&file->f_pos_lock); } } return v; } /* * We only lock f_pos if we have threads or if the file might be * shared with another process. In both cases we'll have an elevated * file count (done either by fdget() or by fork()). */ void set_close_on_exec(unsigned int fd, int flag) { struct files_struct *files = current->files; struct fdtable *fdt; spin_lock(&files->file_lock); fdt = files_fdtable(files); if (flag) __set_close_on_exec(fd, fdt); else __clear_close_on_exec(fd, fdt); spin_unlock(&files->file_lock); } bool get_close_on_exec(unsigned int fd) { struct files_struct *files = current->files; struct fdtable *fdt; bool res; rcu_read_lock(); fdt = files_fdtable(files); res = close_on_exec(fd, fdt); rcu_read_unlock(); return res; } static int do_dup2(struct files_struct *files, struct file *file, unsigned fd, unsigned flags) { struct file *tofree; struct fdtable *fdt; /* * We need to detect attempts to do dup2() over allocated but still * not finished descriptor. NB: OpenBSD avoids that at the price of * extra work in their equivalent of fget() - they insert struct * file immediately after grabbing descriptor, mark it larval if * more work (e.g. actual opening) is needed and make sure that * fget() treats larval files as absent. Potentially interesting, * but while extra work in fget() is trivial, locking implications * and amount of surgery on open()-related paths in VFS are not. * FreeBSD fails with -EBADF in the same situation, NetBSD "solution" * deadlocks in rather amusing ways, AFAICS. All of that is out of * scope of POSIX or SUS, since neither considers shared descriptor * tables and this condition does not arise without those. */ fdt = files_fdtable(files); tofree = fdt->fd[fd]; if (!tofree && fd_is_open(fd, fdt)) goto Ebusy; get_file(file); rcu_assign_pointer(fdt->fd[fd], file); __set_open_fd(fd, fdt); if (flags & O_CLOEXEC) __set_close_on_exec(fd, fdt); else __clear_close_on_exec(fd, fdt); spin_unlock(&files->file_lock); if (tofree) filp_close(tofree, files); return fd; Ebusy: spin_unlock(&files->file_lock); return -EBUSY; } int replace_fd(unsigned fd, struct file *file, unsigned flags) { int err; struct files_struct *files = current->files; if (!file) return __close_fd(files, fd); if (fd >= rlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE)) return -EBADF; spin_lock(&files->file_lock); err = expand_files(files, fd); if (unlikely(err < 0)) goto out_unlock; return do_dup2(files, file, fd, flags); out_unlock: spin_unlock(&files->file_lock); return err; } SYSCALL_DEFINE3(dup3, unsigned int, oldfd, unsigned int, newfd, int, flags) { int err = -EBADF; struct file *file; struct files_struct *files = current->files; if ((flags & ~O_CLOEXEC) != 0) return -EINVAL; if (unlikely(oldfd == newfd)) return -EINVAL; if (newfd >= rlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE)) return -EBADF; spin_lock(&files->file_lock); err = expand_files(files, newfd); file = fcheck(oldfd); if (unlikely(!file)) goto Ebadf; if (unlikely(err < 0)) { if (err == -EMFILE) goto Ebadf; goto out_unlock; } return do_dup2(files, file, newfd, flags); Ebadf: err = -EBADF; out_unlock: spin_unlock(&files->file_lock); return err; } SYSCALL_DEFINE2(dup2, unsigned int, oldfd, unsigned int, newfd) { if (unlikely(newfd == oldfd)) { /* corner case */ struct files_struct *files = current->files; int retval = oldfd; rcu_read_lock(); if (!fcheck_files(files, oldfd)) retval = -EBADF; rcu_read_unlock(); return retval; } return sys_dup3(oldfd, newfd, 0); } SYSCALL_DEFINE1(dup, unsigned int, fildes) { int ret = -EBADF; struct file *file = fget_raw(fildes); if (file) { ret = get_unused_fd(); if (ret >= 0) fd_install(ret, file); else fput(file); } return ret; } int f_dupfd(unsigned int from, struct file *file, unsigned flags) { int err; if (from >= rlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE)) return -EINVAL; err = alloc_fd(from, flags); if (err >= 0) { get_file(file); fd_install(err, file); } return err; } int iterate_fd(struct files_struct *files, unsigned n, int (*f)(const void *, struct file *, unsigned), const void *p) { struct fdtable *fdt; int res = 0; if (!files) return 0; spin_lock(&files->file_lock); for (fdt = files_fdtable(files); n < fdt->max_fds; n++) { struct file *file; file = rcu_dereference_check_fdtable(files, fdt->fd[n]); if (!file) continue; res = f(p, file, n); if (res) break; } spin_unlock(&files->file_lock); return res; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(iterate_fd);