/* * In-kernel transcendent memory (generic implementation) * * Copyright (c) 2009-2011, Dan Magenheimer, Oracle Corp. * * The primary purpose of Transcedent Memory ("tmem") is to map object-oriented * "handles" (triples containing a pool id, and object id, and an index), to * pages in a page-accessible memory (PAM). Tmem references the PAM pages via * an abstract "pampd" (PAM page-descriptor), which can be operated on by a * set of functions (pamops). Each pampd contains some representation of * PAGE_SIZE bytes worth of data. Tmem must support potentially millions of * pages and must be able to insert, find, and delete these pages at a * potential frequency of thousands per second concurrently across many CPUs, * (and, if used with KVM, across many vcpus across many guests). * Tmem is tracked with a hierarchy of data structures, organized by * the elements in a handle-tuple: pool_id, object_id, and page index. * One or more "clients" (e.g. guests) each provide one or more tmem_pools. * Each pool, contains a hash table of rb_trees of tmem_objs. Each * tmem_obj contains a radix-tree-like tree of pointers, with intermediate * nodes called tmem_objnodes. Each leaf pointer in this tree points to * a pampd, which is accessible only through a small set of callbacks * registered by the PAM implementation (see tmem_register_pamops). Tmem * does all memory allocation via a set of callbacks registered by the tmem * host implementation (e.g. see tmem_register_hostops). */ #include <linux/list.h> #include <linux/spinlock.h> #include <linux/atomic.h> #include "tmem.h" /* data structure sentinels used for debugging... see tmem.h */ #define POOL_SENTINEL 0x87658765 #define OBJ_SENTINEL 0x12345678 #define OBJNODE_SENTINEL 0xfedcba09 /* * A tmem host implementation must use this function to register callbacks * for memory allocation. */ static struct tmem_hostops tmem_hostops; static void tmem_objnode_tree_init(void); void tmem_register_hostops(struct tmem_hostops *m) { tmem_objnode_tree_init(); tmem_hostops = *m; } /* * A tmem host implementation must use this function to register * callbacks for a page-accessible memory (PAM) implementation */ static struct tmem_pamops tmem_pamops; void tmem_register_pamops(struct tmem_pamops *m) { tmem_pamops = *m; } /* * Oid's are potentially very sparse and tmem_objs may have an indeterminately * short life, being added and deleted at a relatively high frequency. * So an rb_tree is an ideal data structure to manage tmem_objs. But because * of the potentially huge number of tmem_objs, each pool manages a hashtable * of rb_trees to reduce search, insert, delete, and rebalancing time. * Each hashbucket also has a lock to manage concurrent access. * * The following routines manage tmem_objs. When any tmem_obj is accessed, * the hashbucket lock must be held. */ /* searches for object==oid in pool, returns locked object if found */ static struct tmem_obj *tmem_obj_find(struct tmem_hashbucket *hb, struct tmem_oid *oidp) { struct rb_node *rbnode; struct tmem_obj *obj; rbnode = hb->obj_rb_root.rb_node; while (rbnode) { BUG_ON(RB_EMPTY_NODE(rbnode)); obj = rb_entry(rbnode, struct tmem_obj, rb_tree_node); switch (tmem_oid_compare(oidp, &obj->oid)) { case 0: /* equal */ goto out; case -1: rbnode = rbnode->rb_left; break; case 1: rbnode = rbnode->rb_right; break; } } obj = NULL; out: return obj; } static void tmem_pampd_destroy_all_in_obj(struct tmem_obj *); /* free an object that has no more pampds in it */ static void tmem_obj_free(struct tmem_obj *obj, struct tmem_hashbucket *hb) { struct tmem_pool *pool; BUG_ON(obj == NULL); ASSERT_SENTINEL(obj, OBJ); BUG_ON(obj->pampd_count > 0); pool = obj->pool; BUG_ON(pool == NULL); if (obj->objnode_tree_root != NULL) /* may be "stump" with no leaves */ tmem_pampd_destroy_all_in_obj(obj); BUG_ON(obj->objnode_tree_root != NULL); BUG_ON((long)obj->objnode_count != 0); atomic_dec(&pool->obj_count); BUG_ON(atomic_read(&pool->obj_count) < 0); INVERT_SENTINEL(obj, OBJ); obj->pool = NULL; tmem_oid_set_invalid(&obj->oid); rb_erase(&obj->rb_tree_node, &hb->obj_rb_root); } /* * initialize, and insert an tmem_object_root (called only if find failed) */ static void tmem_obj_init(struct tmem_obj *obj, struct tmem_hashbucket *hb, struct tmem_pool *pool, struct tmem_oid *oidp) { struct rb_root *root = &hb->obj_rb_root; struct rb_node **new = &(root->rb_node), *parent = NULL; struct tmem_obj *this; BUG_ON(pool == NULL); atomic_inc(&pool->obj_count); obj->objnode_tree_height = 0; obj->objnode_tree_root = NULL; obj->pool = pool; obj->oid = *oidp; obj->objnode_count = 0; obj->pampd_count = 0; (*tmem_pamops.new_obj)(obj); SET_SENTINEL(obj, OBJ); while (*new) { BUG_ON(RB_EMPTY_NODE(*new)); this = rb_entry(*new, struct tmem_obj, rb_tree_node); parent = *new; switch (tmem_oid_compare(oidp, &this->oid)) { case 0: BUG(); /* already present; should never happen! */ break; case -1: new = &(*new)->rb_left; break; case 1: new = &(*new)->rb_right; break; } } rb_link_node(&obj->rb_tree_node, parent, new); rb_insert_color(&obj->rb_tree_node, root); } /* * Tmem is managed as a set of tmem_pools with certain attributes, such as * "ephemeral" vs "persistent". These attributes apply to all tmem_objs * and all pampds that belong to a tmem_pool. A tmem_pool is created * or deleted relatively rarely (for example, when a filesystem is * mounted or unmounted. */ /* flush all data from a pool and, optionally, free it */ static void tmem_pool_flush(struct tmem_pool *pool, bool destroy) { struct rb_node *rbnode; struct tmem_obj *obj; struct tmem_hashbucket *hb = &pool->hashbucket[0]; int i; BUG_ON(pool == NULL); for (i = 0; i < TMEM_HASH_BUCKETS; i++, hb++) { spin_lock(&hb->lock); rbnode = rb_first(&hb->obj_rb_root); while (rbnode != NULL) { obj = rb_entry(rbnode, struct tmem_obj, rb_tree_node); rbnode = rb_next(rbnode); tmem_pampd_destroy_all_in_obj(obj); tmem_obj_free(obj, hb); (*tmem_hostops.obj_free)(obj, pool); } spin_unlock(&hb->lock); } if (destroy) list_del(&pool->pool_list); } /* * A tmem_obj contains a radix-tree-like tree in which the intermediate * nodes are called tmem_objnodes. (The kernel lib/radix-tree.c implementation * is very specialized and tuned for specific uses and is not particularly * suited for use from this code, though some code from the core algorithms has * been reused, thus the copyright notices below). Each tmem_objnode contains * a set of pointers which point to either a set of intermediate tmem_objnodes * or a set of of pampds. * * Portions Copyright (C) 2001 Momchil Velikov * Portions Copyright (C) 2001 Christoph Hellwig * Portions Copyright (C) 2005 SGI, Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> */ struct tmem_objnode_tree_path { struct tmem_objnode *objnode; int offset; }; /* objnode height_to_maxindex translation */ static unsigned long tmem_objnode_tree_h2max[OBJNODE_TREE_MAX_PATH + 1]; static void tmem_objnode_tree_init(void) { unsigned int ht, tmp; for (ht = 0; ht < ARRAY_SIZE(tmem_objnode_tree_h2max); ht++) { tmp = ht * OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_SHIFT; if (tmp >= OBJNODE_TREE_INDEX_BITS) tmem_objnode_tree_h2max[ht] = ~0UL; else tmem_objnode_tree_h2max[ht] = (~0UL >> (OBJNODE_TREE_INDEX_BITS - tmp - 1)) >> 1; } } static struct tmem_objnode *tmem_objnode_alloc(struct tmem_obj *obj) { struct tmem_objnode *objnode; ASSERT_SENTINEL(obj, OBJ); BUG_ON(obj->pool == NULL); ASSERT_SENTINEL(obj->pool, POOL); objnode = (*tmem_hostops.objnode_alloc)(obj->pool); if (unlikely(objnode == NULL)) goto out; objnode->obj = obj; SET_SENTINEL(objnode, OBJNODE); memset(&objnode->slots, 0, sizeof(objnode->slots)); objnode->slots_in_use = 0; obj->objnode_count++; out: return objnode; } static void tmem_objnode_free(struct tmem_objnode *objnode) { struct tmem_pool *pool; int i; BUG_ON(objnode == NULL); for (i = 0; i < OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_SIZE; i++) BUG_ON(objnode->slots[i] != NULL); ASSERT_SENTINEL(objnode, OBJNODE); INVERT_SENTINEL(objnode, OBJNODE); BUG_ON(objnode->obj == NULL); ASSERT_SENTINEL(objnode->obj, OBJ); pool = objnode->obj->pool; BUG_ON(pool == NULL); ASSERT_SENTINEL(pool, POOL); objnode->obj->objnode_count--; objnode->obj = NULL; (*tmem_hostops.objnode_free)(objnode, pool); } /* * lookup index in object and return associated pampd (or NULL if not found) */ static void **__tmem_pampd_lookup_in_obj(struct tmem_obj *obj, uint32_t index) { unsigned int height, shift; struct tmem_objnode **slot = NULL; BUG_ON(obj == NULL); ASSERT_SENTINEL(obj, OBJ); BUG_ON(obj->pool == NULL); ASSERT_SENTINEL(obj->pool, POOL); height = obj->objnode_tree_height; if (index > tmem_objnode_tree_h2max[obj->objnode_tree_height]) goto out; if (height == 0 && obj->objnode_tree_root) { slot = &obj->objnode_tree_root; goto out; } shift = (height-1) * OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_SHIFT; slot = &obj->objnode_tree_root; while (height > 0) { if (*slot == NULL) goto out; slot = (struct tmem_objnode **) ((*slot)->slots + ((index >> shift) & OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_MASK)); shift -= OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_SHIFT; height--; } out: return slot != NULL ? (void **)slot : NULL; } static void *tmem_pampd_lookup_in_obj(struct tmem_obj *obj, uint32_t index) { struct tmem_objnode **slot; slot = (struct tmem_objnode **)__tmem_pampd_lookup_in_obj(obj, index); return slot != NULL ? *slot : NULL; } static void *tmem_pampd_replace_in_obj(struct tmem_obj *obj, uint32_t index, void *new_pampd) { struct tmem_objnode **slot; void *ret = NULL; slot = (struct tmem_objnode **)__tmem_pampd_lookup_in_obj(obj, index); if ((slot != NULL) && (*slot != NULL)) { void *old_pampd = *(void **)slot; *(void **)slot = new_pampd; (*tmem_pamops.free)(old_pampd, obj->pool, NULL, 0); ret = new_pampd; } return ret; } static int tmem_pampd_add_to_obj(struct tmem_obj *obj, uint32_t index, void *pampd) { int ret = 0; struct tmem_objnode *objnode = NULL, *newnode, *slot; unsigned int height, shift; int offset = 0; /* if necessary, extend the tree to be higher */ if (index > tmem_objnode_tree_h2max[obj->objnode_tree_height]) { height = obj->objnode_tree_height + 1; if (index > tmem_objnode_tree_h2max[height]) while (index > tmem_objnode_tree_h2max[height]) height++; if (obj->objnode_tree_root == NULL) { obj->objnode_tree_height = height; goto insert; } do { newnode = tmem_objnode_alloc(obj); if (!newnode) { ret = -ENOMEM; goto out; } newnode->slots[0] = obj->objnode_tree_root; newnode->slots_in_use = 1; obj->objnode_tree_root = newnode; obj->objnode_tree_height++; } while (height > obj->objnode_tree_height); } insert: slot = obj->objnode_tree_root; height = obj->objnode_tree_height; shift = (height-1) * OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_SHIFT; while (height > 0) { if (slot == NULL) { /* add a child objnode. */ slot = tmem_objnode_alloc(obj); if (!slot) { ret = -ENOMEM; goto out; } if (objnode) { objnode->slots[offset] = slot; objnode->slots_in_use++; } else obj->objnode_tree_root = slot; } /* go down a level */ offset = (index >> shift) & OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_MASK; objnode = slot; slot = objnode->slots[offset]; shift -= OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_SHIFT; height--; } BUG_ON(slot != NULL); if (objnode) { objnode->slots_in_use++; objnode->slots[offset] = pampd; } else obj->objnode_tree_root = pampd; obj->pampd_count++; out: return ret; } static void *tmem_pampd_delete_from_obj(struct tmem_obj *obj, uint32_t index) { struct tmem_objnode_tree_path path[OBJNODE_TREE_MAX_PATH + 1]; struct tmem_objnode_tree_path *pathp = path; struct tmem_objnode *slot = NULL; unsigned int height, shift; int offset; BUG_ON(obj == NULL); ASSERT_SENTINEL(obj, OBJ); BUG_ON(obj->pool == NULL); ASSERT_SENTINEL(obj->pool, POOL); height = obj->objnode_tree_height; if (index > tmem_objnode_tree_h2max[height]) goto out; slot = obj->objnode_tree_root; if (height == 0 && obj->objnode_tree_root) { obj->objnode_tree_root = NULL; goto out; } shift = (height - 1) * OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_SHIFT; pathp->objnode = NULL; do { if (slot == NULL) goto out; pathp++; offset = (index >> shift) & OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_MASK; pathp->offset = offset; pathp->objnode = slot; slot = slot->slots[offset]; shift -= OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_SHIFT; height--; } while (height > 0); if (slot == NULL) goto out; while (pathp->objnode) { pathp->objnode->slots[pathp->offset] = NULL; pathp->objnode->slots_in_use--; if (pathp->objnode->slots_in_use) { if (pathp->objnode == obj->objnode_tree_root) { while (obj->objnode_tree_height > 0 && obj->objnode_tree_root->slots_in_use == 1 && obj->objnode_tree_root->slots[0]) { struct tmem_objnode *to_free = obj->objnode_tree_root; obj->objnode_tree_root = to_free->slots[0]; obj->objnode_tree_height--; to_free->slots[0] = NULL; to_free->slots_in_use = 0; tmem_objnode_free(to_free); } } goto out; } tmem_objnode_free(pathp->objnode); /* 0 slots used, free it */ pathp--; } obj->objnode_tree_height = 0; obj->objnode_tree_root = NULL; out: if (slot != NULL) obj->pampd_count--; BUG_ON(obj->pampd_count < 0); return slot; } /* recursively walk the objnode_tree destroying pampds and objnodes */ static void tmem_objnode_node_destroy(struct tmem_obj *obj, struct tmem_objnode *objnode, unsigned int ht) { int i; if (ht == 0) return; for (i = 0; i < OBJNODE_TREE_MAP_SIZE; i++) { if (objnode->slots[i]) { if (ht == 1) { obj->pampd_count--; (*tmem_pamops.free)(objnode->slots[i], obj->pool, NULL, 0); objnode->slots[i] = NULL; continue; } tmem_objnode_node_destroy(obj, objnode->slots[i], ht-1); tmem_objnode_free(objnode->slots[i]); objnode->slots[i] = NULL; } } } static void tmem_pampd_destroy_all_in_obj(struct tmem_obj *obj) { if (obj->objnode_tree_root == NULL) return; if (obj->objnode_tree_height == 0) { obj->pampd_count--; (*tmem_pamops.free)(obj->objnode_tree_root, obj->pool, NULL, 0); } else { tmem_objnode_node_destroy(obj, obj->objnode_tree_root, obj->objnode_tree_height); tmem_objnode_free(obj->objnode_tree_root); obj->objnode_tree_height = 0; } obj->objnode_tree_root = NULL; (*tmem_pamops.free_obj)(obj->pool, obj); } /* * Tmem is operated on by a set of well-defined actions: * "put", "get", "flush", "flush_object", "new pool" and "destroy pool". * (The tmem ABI allows for subpages and exchanges but these operations * are not included in this implementation.) * * These "tmem core" operations are implemented in the following functions. */ /* * "Put" a page, e.g. copy a page from the kernel into newly allocated * PAM space (if such space is available). Tmem_put is complicated by * a corner case: What if a page with matching handle already exists in * tmem? To guarantee coherency, one of two actions is necessary: Either * the data for the page must be overwritten, or the page must be * "flushed" so that the data is not accessible to a subsequent "get". * Since these "duplicate puts" are relatively rare, this implementation * always flushes for simplicity. */ int tmem_put(struct tmem_pool *pool, struct tmem_oid *oidp, uint32_t index, char *data, size_t size, bool raw, bool ephemeral) { struct tmem_obj *obj = NULL, *objfound = NULL, *objnew = NULL; void *pampd = NULL, *pampd_del = NULL; int ret = -ENOMEM; struct tmem_hashbucket *hb; hb = &pool->hashbucket[tmem_oid_hash(oidp)]; spin_lock(&hb->lock); obj = objfound = tmem_obj_find(hb, oidp); if (obj != NULL) { pampd = tmem_pampd_lookup_in_obj(objfound, index); if (pampd != NULL) { /* if found, is a dup put, flush the old one */ pampd_del = tmem_pampd_delete_from_obj(obj, index); BUG_ON(pampd_del != pampd); (*tmem_pamops.free)(pampd, pool, oidp, index); if (obj->pampd_count == 0) { objnew = obj; objfound = NULL; } pampd = NULL; } } else { obj = objnew = (*tmem_hostops.obj_alloc)(pool); if (unlikely(obj == NULL)) { ret = -ENOMEM; goto out; } tmem_obj_init(obj, hb, pool, oidp); } BUG_ON(obj == NULL); BUG_ON(((objnew != obj) && (objfound != obj)) || (objnew == objfound)); pampd = (*tmem_pamops.create)(data, size, raw, ephemeral, obj->pool, &obj->oid, index); if (unlikely(pampd == NULL)) goto free; ret = tmem_pampd_add_to_obj(obj, index, pampd); if (unlikely(ret == -ENOMEM)) /* may have partially built objnode tree ("stump") */ goto delete_and_free; goto out; delete_and_free: (void)tmem_pampd_delete_from_obj(obj, index); free: if (pampd) (*tmem_pamops.free)(pampd, pool, NULL, 0); if (objnew) { tmem_obj_free(objnew, hb); (*tmem_hostops.obj_free)(objnew, pool); } out: spin_unlock(&hb->lock); return ret; } /* * "Get" a page, e.g. if one can be found, copy the tmem page with the * matching handle from PAM space to the kernel. By tmem definition, * when a "get" is successful on an ephemeral page, the page is "flushed", * and when a "get" is successful on a persistent page, the page is retained * in tmem. Note that to preserve * coherency, "get" can never be skipped if tmem contains the data. * That is, if a get is done with a certain handle and fails, any * subsequent "get" must also fail (unless of course there is a * "put" done with the same handle). */ int tmem_get(struct tmem_pool *pool, struct tmem_oid *oidp, uint32_t index, char *data, size_t *size, bool raw, int get_and_free) { struct tmem_obj *obj; void *pampd; bool ephemeral = is_ephemeral(pool); int ret = -1; struct tmem_hashbucket *hb; bool free = (get_and_free == 1) || ((get_and_free == 0) && ephemeral); bool lock_held = false; hb = &pool->hashbucket[tmem_oid_hash(oidp)]; spin_lock(&hb->lock); lock_held = true; obj = tmem_obj_find(hb, oidp); if (obj == NULL) goto out; if (free) pampd = tmem_pampd_delete_from_obj(obj, index); else pampd = tmem_pampd_lookup_in_obj(obj, index); if (pampd == NULL) goto out; if (free) { if (obj->pampd_count == 0) { tmem_obj_free(obj, hb); (*tmem_hostops.obj_free)(obj, pool); obj = NULL; } } if (tmem_pamops.is_remote(pampd)) { lock_held = false; spin_unlock(&hb->lock); } if (free) ret = (*tmem_pamops.get_data_and_free)( data, size, raw, pampd, pool, oidp, index); else ret = (*tmem_pamops.get_data)( data, size, raw, pampd, pool, oidp, index); if (ret < 0) goto out; ret = 0; out: if (lock_held) spin_unlock(&hb->lock); return ret; } /* * If a page in tmem matches the handle, "flush" this page from tmem such * that any subsequent "get" does not succeed (unless, of course, there * was another "put" with the same handle). */ int tmem_flush_page(struct tmem_pool *pool, struct tmem_oid *oidp, uint32_t index) { struct tmem_obj *obj; void *pampd; int ret = -1; struct tmem_hashbucket *hb; hb = &pool->hashbucket[tmem_oid_hash(oidp)]; spin_lock(&hb->lock); obj = tmem_obj_find(hb, oidp); if (obj == NULL) goto out; pampd = tmem_pampd_delete_from_obj(obj, index); if (pampd == NULL) goto out; (*tmem_pamops.free)(pampd, pool, oidp, index); if (obj->pampd_count == 0) { tmem_obj_free(obj, hb); (*tmem_hostops.obj_free)(obj, pool); } ret = 0; out: spin_unlock(&hb->lock); return ret; } /* * If a page in tmem matches the handle, replace the page so that any * subsequent "get" gets the new page. Returns 0 if * there was a page to replace, else returns -1. */ int tmem_replace(struct tmem_pool *pool, struct tmem_oid *oidp, uint32_t index, void *new_pampd) { struct tmem_obj *obj; int ret = -1; struct tmem_hashbucket *hb; hb = &pool->hashbucket[tmem_oid_hash(oidp)]; spin_lock(&hb->lock); obj = tmem_obj_find(hb, oidp); if (obj == NULL) goto out; new_pampd = tmem_pampd_replace_in_obj(obj, index, new_pampd); ret = (*tmem_pamops.replace_in_obj)(new_pampd, obj); out: spin_unlock(&hb->lock); return ret; } /* * "Flush" all pages in tmem matching this oid. */ int tmem_flush_object(struct tmem_pool *pool, struct tmem_oid *oidp) { struct tmem_obj *obj; struct tmem_hashbucket *hb; int ret = -1; hb = &pool->hashbucket[tmem_oid_hash(oidp)]; spin_lock(&hb->lock); obj = tmem_obj_find(hb, oidp); if (obj == NULL) goto out; tmem_pampd_destroy_all_in_obj(obj); tmem_obj_free(obj, hb); (*tmem_hostops.obj_free)(obj, pool); ret = 0; out: spin_unlock(&hb->lock); return ret; } /* * "Flush" all pages (and tmem_objs) from this tmem_pool and disable * all subsequent access to this tmem_pool. */ int tmem_destroy_pool(struct tmem_pool *pool) { int ret = -1; if (pool == NULL) goto out; tmem_pool_flush(pool, 1); ret = 0; out: return ret; } static LIST_HEAD(tmem_global_pool_list); /* * Create a new tmem_pool with the provided flag and return * a pool id provided by the tmem host implementation. */ void tmem_new_pool(struct tmem_pool *pool, uint32_t flags) { int persistent = flags & TMEM_POOL_PERSIST; int shared = flags & TMEM_POOL_SHARED; struct tmem_hashbucket *hb = &pool->hashbucket[0]; int i; for (i = 0; i < TMEM_HASH_BUCKETS; i++, hb++) { hb->obj_rb_root = RB_ROOT; spin_lock_init(&hb->lock); } INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pool->pool_list); atomic_set(&pool->obj_count, 0); SET_SENTINEL(pool, POOL); list_add_tail(&pool->pool_list, &tmem_global_pool_list); pool->persistent = persistent; pool->shared = shared; }